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Soil Vapor Extraction at the Verona Well Field Superfund Site, Thomas Solvent Raymond Road (OU-1), Battle Creek, Michigan

Site Name:

Verona Well Field Superfund Site

Location:

Battle Creek, Michigan

Period of
Operation:

March 1988 to May 1992

Cleanup
Type:

Full-scale cleanup

Vendor:

Robert Pinewski
Terra-Vac, Inc.
9030 Secor Road
Temperance, MI 48182
(313) 847-4444

Technology:
Soil Vapor Extraction - 23 extraction wells with 14 of 23 wells in operation at a given time - Catalytic oxidation and activated carbon adsorption of offgases

Cleanup Authority:
CERCLA - ROD Date: 8/12/85 - Fund Lead

SIC Code:
7389 (Business Services,
Not Elsewhere Classified)
Point of Contact:
Margaret Guerriero (RPM)
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 W. Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 886-0399

Contaminants:
Chlorinated and Non-Chlorinated Aliphatics - Tetrachloroethene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, acetone, and toluene - Light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) in groundwater - Volume of organic compounds estimated to be 3,900 lbs in groundwater and 1,700 lbs in soil

Waste Source:
Other: Solvent Storage, Blending, Repackaging, Distribution, and Disposal

Type/Quantity of Media Treated:
Soil - 26,700 yd3 of soil (based on capture zone of 36,000 ft2 and depth of 20 ft) - Clay content < 5% - Moisture content 5% - Permeability 10[Sup -3] cm/sec

Purpose/Significance of Application:
EPA's first application of SVE at a Superfund site.

Regulatory Requirements/Cleanup Goals:
- 1991 ROD specified soil and groundwater cleanup standards for 19 constituents - Standards in soil ranged from 0.014 mg/kg for carbon tetrachloride, 1,1- dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene to 16 mg/kg for toluene - Standards in groundwater ranged from 0.001 mg/L for vinyl chloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and benzene to 0.8 mg/kg for toluene

Results:
- SVE achieved the cleanup standards for all VOCs - A total of 45,000 lbs of VOCs were removed

Cost Factors:
- Cost attributed to treatment activities - approximately $1,600,000 (including solids preparation and handling, mobilization/setup, startup/testing/permits, operation, cost of ownership, and demobilization) - Cost attributed to before-treatment activities - approximately $480,000 (including monitoring, sampling, testing and analysis, and drums/tanks/structures/miscellaneous demolition and removal) - Cost attributed to after-treatment activities - approximately $5,000 (including well abandonment and disposal of drums)

Description:
The Verona Well Field Superfund site is the location of the former primary well field that supplied potable water for the city of Battle Creek, Michigan. In early 1984, 27 of the 30 wells were determined to be contaminated. The Thomas Solvent Raymond Road area was determined to be a source of contamination. Soil in this area was determined to be contaminated with chlorinated solvents, primarily tetrachloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The amount of volatile organic compounds in the soil at this site was estimated to be 1,700 pounds.

Full-scale operation of an SVE system to treat the soil began in March 1988 and ran intermittently until May 1992. Over the course of the SVE operation, both carbon adsorption and catalytic oxidation were utilized to treat the extracted vapors prior to atmospheric discharge. Dual vacuum extraction and nitrogen sparging were implemented to enhance recovery rates during the latter stages of the groundwater remediation effort. A total of 45,000 pounds of VOCs were removed from the subsurface soil, and 10,000 pounds from the groundwater, during the remediation. Cleanup verification sampling of the soil occurred in June 1992 and the analytical results indicated that SVE reduced the constituent concentrations in the soil at this operable unit. The constituent-specific soil cleanup standards established in a 1991 ROD were met.

The cost attributed to treatment activities for this SVE application was approximately $1,645,281 (including solids preparation and handling, mobilization/setup, startup/testing/permits, operation, cost of ownership, and demobilization).

The cost attributed to before-treatment activities were approximately $535,180 (including monitoring, sampling, testing and analysis, and drums/tanks/structures/miscellaneous demolition and removal).