 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOI Demo Bureau of Mines Tom Jeffers |
BIO-FIX beads | Water | Metals - lead, cadmium, arsenic | Porous polymeric biomass beads with affinity for metals | Excellent handling - low maintenance | Adsorbed metals removed using dilute mineral acids | Able to achieve drinking water standards. |
| EPA
Demo MacGillis & Gibbs Superfund Site, MN 7/89 to 9/89 Mary Stinson |
Biological aqueous treatment system | Ground water | PCP reduced to <1ppm. lowest flow removed 99% of contaminants | In mix tank, pH is adjusted & inorganic nutrients added | Mixing | Discharged to POTW or reused on-site | Runs as anaerobic or aerobic. Does not treat metals. |
| DOI
Demo Late Summer 1993 Paulette Altringer |
Biological arsenic remediation | Wastewater | Arsenic reduced from 13 to <0.5 mg/l | Addition of anaerobic sulfate- reducing bacteria | Two stage reactor, arsenic precipitation and column system | Minimum volume arsenic precipitate sludge | Advantage: reduction in generation of sludge volumes compared to typical ferris arsenic precipitation circuits. |
| DOI
Demo Bureau of Mines, NV 6/92 to 10/92 Paulette Altringer |
Biological cyanide detoxification | Wastewaters | Cyanide reduced from 20 ppm to 2 ppm | Flow rate up to 300 gpm Greater than 40-ppm phosphate |
Bio-activated water use to rinsed metal waste heap | Chemical treatment as a polishing step | Alternative rinsing technology oxidized cyanide by activating natural or introduced populations of cyanide- oxidizing bacteria. |
| DOI Demo Bureau of Mines, UT Summer 1993 Paulette Altringer |
Biological reduction of selenium | Process & wastewaters | Selenium reduced from 30 to 1.2 ppm in 144 hours; 4.2 to 1.6 ppm in 48 hours. Selenium in uranium wastewater reduced from 0.58 to 0.03 ppm in 48 hours. | Uses on-site equipment (carbon tanks, sand filters) to reduce cost. Activated carbon or sand serves as growth surface for bacteria. | Wastewater and nutrient pumped through bed. Commercial fertilizers and/or sugar containing agricultural wastes provide bacterial nutrient supplements. | Selenium is precipitated and removed by flushing or cross-flow filtration | Uranium wastewaters may be treatable. Technology involves biostimulation of indigenous or introduced selenium- reducing bacteria. |
| Navy
Demo, Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, CA Steve MacDonald |
Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons | Soil & Ground water | 1 ppb to 4 ppm of BTEX | Three 80-liter bioreactors at combined capacity of 72 liters/day | Native micro- organisms. Site soil is placed in bioreactors and contaminated ground water is pumped through bioreactors | Effluent cleaned to drinking water standards for BTEX | |
| EPA Demo St. Joseph, MI Ronald Lewis |
Immobilized cell bioreactor (ICB) biotreatment system | Ground water and industrial wastewater | <99% removal efficiencies of organics | Pretreatment - pH adjustment and oil/water separation. Proprietary reactor medium and design maximized biological degradation | Aerobic/ Anaerobic fixed film bioreactor | Contaminants to CO2, water, and biomass. The effluent produced is reinjected | Advantages: high treatment capacity, compact system design, reduced operations costs. |
| Air
Force & DOE Demo Tinker AFB, OK 1989 Alison Thomas |
In situ & aboveground biological treatment of trichloro- ethylene | Ground water | 80% destruction of TCE | In situ or in a bioreactor | Uses methane degrading bacteria to co-metabolize TCE | TCE degraded | System using altered micro- organisms is being tested at Hauscomb AFB, MA. |
| Hanscomb
AFB, MA Alison Thomas |
Bioreactor. Testing of constitutive TCE degrading microbe | Ground water | 550 ppb TCE. Attained about 85 ppb. | ||||
| Dow
Chemical Site, TX Alison Thomas |
Bioreactor: fluid bed reactor | Ground water | Chlorobenzene degradation. 140 ppm chlorobenzene. Attained <5 ppb chlorobenzene | ||||
| Burleigh
Tunnel Silver Plume, CO Rick Brown |
Manmade wetland ecosystem based treatment | Ground water | 50-60 ppm of zinc. Attained 99% reduction in 3 months 99% removal of iron, 94% removal of lead, 84% reduction in nickel. | ||||
| EPA
Demo Burleigh Tunnel, CO 1991 Edward Bates |
Wetlands based treatment | Influent waters | Metals | Principal components - soils, microbial fauna, algae, and vascular plants | Natural processes - filtration, ion exchange, adsorption, absorption, and precipitation | Manual developed - Wetland Designs for Mining Operations - available from NTIS. | |
| Big
Five Tunnel, CO (near Idaho Springs) Edward Bates (513) 569-7774, Thomas Wildeman (303) 273-3642 |
Constructed Wetlands | Wastewater | Metals, acid mine drainage | Principal components - organic soils, microbial fauna, algae, and vascular plants | Precipitated and adsorbed metals as hydroxides and sulfides settle in quiescent ponds or are filtered out as water percolates through the soil or the plant substrate. | The process can be adapted to treat neutral and basic tailings solutions. | |
| Bear
Creek, Oak Ridge, TN Technical:
A. J. Stewart; Oak Ridge, Tennessee (800)356-4USA |
Constructed Wetlands | Ground water | Nitrate and Uranium | Principal components - pea gravel and various species of emergent aquatic plants. Cell pump powered by solar panels. Other measured parameters are pH, dissolved oxygen concen- tration, and water temperature. | Removal efficiencies greater than 90% for nitrate are expected. | ||
| Naval Amphibious Base in Little Creek, Virginia J.P. Lefave (805) 982-1973 |
Constructed Wetlands | Surface water, stormwater runoff | Non-point source pollution | The cells each measure 60 X 650 ft. Water flows from the channel to the cells via 24-inch diameter pipes with equipped with one-way check valves. | The site was formerly covered with a near monoculture of Phragmites which were sprayed with the herbicide Finale after they sprouted on the sideslopes after construction of the cells. | Plants used: Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, Panicum amarum, Iva |
Sources: Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (EPA, Eighth Edition, Nov. 1996). Completed North American Innovative Remediation Technology Demonstration Projects (EPA, Aug.1996)