table 3-5: projects insitu physical/chemical for soil

<body stylesrc="table3_5_nfr.html" background="tile007.jpg" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-L8ZB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({"gtm.start": new Date().getTime(),event:"gtm.js"});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!="dataLayer"?"&l="+l:"";j.async=true;j.src= "//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id="+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,"script","dataLayer","GTM-L8ZB");</script>   <h1 align="center"><a name="tab35">TABLE 3-5</a> COMPLETED PROJECTS: IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR SOIL, SEDIMENT, AND SLUDGE</h1> <hr> <p align="center"><MAP NAME="FrontPageMap"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="490, 0, 582, 55" HREF="3_3.html"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="394, 0, 491, 55" HREF="../appd_f/synonym.html"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="298, 1, 395, 55" HREF="../section1/toc.html"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="201, 0, 299, 55" HREF="table3_2.pdf"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="106, 0, 203, 55" HREF="../top_page.html"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="21, 0, 107, 55" HREF="3_2.html"></MAP><a href="../../_vti_bin/shtml.exe/matrix2/section3/table3_5_fr.html/map"><img src="head4.gif" border="0" width="605" height="56" ismap usemap="#FrontPageMap"></a></p> <hr> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/<br> Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/<br> Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="army waterways"></a><font size="1"><strong>Army Demo</strong>, U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station, Baton Rouge Louisiana</font><p><font size="1">Robert Marks, General Manager<br> Electrokinetics, Inc.<br> Louisiana Business and Technology Center<br> Louisiana State University, Suite 155<br> South Stadium Drive<br> Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-6100<br> 504-388-3992<br> Fax: 504-388-3928</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Electro-Klean </font><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">Electrical Separation</font></a><p><font size="1">Electrokinetics, Inc.</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Lead</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Conditioning fluids may be added or circulated at the electrodes to enhance the electrochemistry of the process</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Contaminants are electroplated on the electrodes or separated in a post-treatment unit</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="ust"></a><font size="1">An Underground Storage Tank Spill</font><p><font size="1">Walter Loo<br> Environmental & Technology Services<br> 2081 15th Street<br> San Francisco, CA 94114 415-861-0810 Fax: 415-861-3269</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">Electrokinetic Enhancement</font></a><font size="1"> with </font><a href="../section4/4_1.html"><font size="1">Bioventing</font></a><font size="1">/ Environment & Technology Services</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">BTEX</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Direct current was applied through 56 electrodes installed in the upper clay layer of this 2,400 square foot gasoline contaminated site to move contaminants and water down 15 feet into dense cemented conglomerate sandstone</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Contaminants were removed from the dense cemented conglomerate sandstone by bioventing</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Bioventing, enhanced by electrokinetics, reportedly reduced gasoline levels of 100-2,200 ppm to well below the target of 100 ppm after about 90 days at a cost of about $50/ton</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="oak ridge"></a><font size="1"><strong>DOE Demo</strong>, Oak Ridge K-25 facility, Tennessee</font><p><font size="1">Henry L. Lomasney<br> Isotron Corporation<br> 13152 Chef Menteur Highway<br> New Orleans, LA 70129 504-254-4624 Fax: 504-254-5</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">Electrokinetic Extraction</font></a><font size="1">/ Isotron Corporation</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Uranium and Organic Contaminants</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="sandia"></a><font size="1"><strong>DOE Demo</strong>, Sandia<br> National Laboratories Chemical Waste Landfill</font><p><font size="1">Eric R. Lindgren Sandia National Laboratory <br> P.O. Box 5800, Mail Stop 0727 Albuquerque, NM 87185 505-844-3820 Fax: 505-844-1480</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">ElectroKinetic Extraction</font></a><font size="1">/ Sandia National Laboratories and Sat-Unsat, Inc.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Chromium</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soluble chromium concentrations range from 25 to 10,000 ppm with the upper limit at 15 feet below ground surface</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Contaminants arriving at the electrodes will be removed using a vacuum system</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="paducah"></a><font size="1"><strong>EPA/DOE <br> Demo</strong>, <br> DOE Gaseous <br> Diffusion Plant, <br> Paducah, Kentucky</font><p><font size="1">Sa Ho or <br> B. Mason/ Hughes Environmental <br> Sciences Center <br> Monsanto Company <br> St. Louis, MO 63167 314-694-5179/<br> 314-694-1466 Fax: 314-694-1531 <br> Steven J. Bossart <br> U.S. Department of Energy 304-285-4643 </font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">Electrokinetic Separation</font></a><font size="1"> with </font><a href="../section4/4_7.html"><font size="1">Hydraulic Fracturing</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (Clay)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">TCE</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Highly permeable subsurface sorption zones will be created in a vertical configuration by hydraulic fracturing or similar technology followed by the introduction of certain sorbents</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="savanah river"></a><font size="1"><strong>DOE Demo</strong>, Old TNX Basin, Savanah River Site, South Carolina</font><p><font size="1">Henry L. Lomasney<br> Isotron Corporation<br> 13152 Chef Menteur Hwy<br> New Orleans, LA 70129<br> 504-254-4624<br> Fax: 504-254-5172<br> Jane P. Bibler<br> Westinghouse Savannah River Company<br> 803-725-5276</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">ElectroKinetic Separation</font></a><font size="1">/ Isotron Corporation</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Unsaturated Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Mercury, Lead, Chrome</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">An Electrosorb® process is used with a patented cylinder to control buffering conditions in situ and an ion exchange polymer matrix called Isolock® to trap metal ions</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Preliminary results indicate that at the 5 ppm mercury concentrations found at the site and other conditions, mercury will be difficult to remediate. However, the process is showing good results on lead and chrome.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="yalcin acar"></a><font size="1">U.S. Army,firing range, LA<br> Yalcin Acar, Electrokinetics, Inc. Louisiana State University</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_6.html"><font size="1">Electrokinetics</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Beginning Levels: Lead 4,500 mg/kg</font><p><font size="1">Levels attained: 300 mg/kg in 30 weeks</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="ecra site"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b><br> NJDEPE-ECRA Site, NJ</font><p><font size="1">1992</font></p> <p><font size="1">Uwe Frank <br> (908) 321-6626<br> John Liskowitz <br> (908) 739-6444</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_7.html"><font size="1">Pneumatic Fracturing</font></a><font size="1"> Extraction & </font><a href="../section4/4_43.html"><font size="1">Hot Gas Injection (HGI)</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil & rock</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOCs, SVOCs</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ - hot gas @ 200 °F</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Injection of compressed gas to fracture soil, HGI to strip contaminants</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Off-gas flow rate increased, concentration remained constant</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">HGI results inconclusive, PCE increased air flow rate 600%.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="oak brook"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b><br> Oak Brook, IL & Dayton, OH</font><p><font size="1">1991</font></p> <p><font size="1">Naomi Barkley <br> (513) 569-7854<br> Larry Murdock <br> (513) 569-7897</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_7.html"><font size="1">Hydraulic fracturing</font></a><font size="1"> and </font><a href="../section4/4_2.html"><font size="1">bioremediation</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Rate of bioremediation increased 75% for BTEX, 77% for TPH</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Water infiltration into vapor extraction area should be prevented</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Fracture growth is measured through the deformation of the ground surface</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Sand-laden slurry pumped into soil to increase permeability.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="marcus hook"></a><font size="1">Marcus Hook, PA </font><p><font size="1">John Schuring or Peter Lederman Hazardous Substance Management Research Center(201) 596-5849/2457</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_7.html"><font size="1">Pneumatic Fracturing</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="laramie tie"></a><font size="1">Laramie Tie Plant, WY</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_8.html"><font size="1">Soil Flushing</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Creosote contamination. Total extractable organics = 93,000 mg/kg</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In Situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In Situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="sacramento"></a><font size="1">EPA Remedial Action<br> Sacramento AD Tank 2 OU, CA</font><p><font size="1">11/91 to 4/93</font></p> <p><font size="1">Marlin Mezquita<br> (415) 744-2393<br> George Siller<br> (916) 557-7418<br> Dan Oburn <br> (916) 388-4344</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ SVE </font></a><p><font size="1">Terra Vac, Inc.,Costa Mesa, CA</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (150 yd<sup>3</sup>)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Initial concentration:<br> MEK 15 ppm<br> Ethylbenzene 2,100 ppm<br> PCE 39 ppm<br> Total Xylene 11,000 ppm</font><p><font size="1">Cleanup goal:<br> 1.2 ppm MEK6 ppm Ethylbenzene 23 ppm total xylene 0.2 ppm PCE</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">24 hours/day</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">None</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Extracted vapor treated with gas phase carbon adsorption. Entrained (suspended) water treatment by the existing on-site UV-hydrogen peroxide treatment plant</font></td> <td valign="top"><pre><font size="1"> </font></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="fair child"></a><font size="1">EPA Remedial Action<br> Fair Child Semiconductor<br> San Jose, CA</font><p><font size="1">1989 to 6/90</font></p> <p><font size="1">Helen McKinley<br> (510) 744-2236<br> Steve Hill<br> (510) 286-0433</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE with air flushing</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (2,000,000<br> yd<sup>3</sup>)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Initial concentration: TCA 670,000 ppb<br> 1,1-DCE 6,400 ppb<br> Freon 113 7,200 ppb</font><p><font size="1">Final concentrations unknown</font></p> <p><font size="1">Target was 1 ppm</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Excavation dewatering of soil where leaking UST was discovered</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Carbon canister, air stripping for pump and treat</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Re-evaluated the remediation in 1994.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hollingsworth solderless"></a><font size="1">EPA Remedial Action Hollingsworth Solderless, FL</font><p><font size="1">1/91 to 7/91</font></p> <p><font size="1">John Zimmerman<br> (404) 347-2643</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE</font></a><font size="1">/ EBASCO</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (60 yd<sup>3</sup>, down to 7 feet deep)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">TCE, vinyl chloride</font><p><font size="1">Target: total VOCs 1 ppm</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">None required</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Air emissions vented to atmosphere</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Design specifications critical.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="verona wellfield"></a><font size="1">EPA Remedial Action<br> Verona Wellfield<br> (Thomas Solvent/<br> Raymond Road), MI</font><p><font size="1">3/88 to 5/92</font></p> <p><font size="1">Margaret Guerriero<br> (312) 886-0399</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE</font></a><font size="1"> (attempted nitrogen sparging)</font><p><font size="1">Terra Vac, Inc. Costa Mesa, CA</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (35,000 yd<sup>3</sup>, ½ acre to 18 ft deep)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Initial soil concentration:<br> TCE 550,000 ppb;<br> PCE 1.8 million ppb; Toluene 730,000 ppb;<br> Xylene 500,000 ppb</font><p><font size="1">Criteria in all post remedial soil samples: <br> TCE 60 ppb <br> PCE 10 ppb <br> Toluene 15,000 ppb <br> Total xylenes 6,000 ppb</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">60 - 160 ft<sup>3</sup>/min of air</font><p><font size="1">Started >4,400 lb/day removed</font></p> <p><font size="1">Shut off 6 lb/day removed</font></p> <p><font size="1">Total removed: 65,000 lb</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">No materials handling; required installing extraction wells</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Spent carbon was regenerated (and eventually incinerated)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Initial estimate of 7,000 lb of VOCs product too low. Treatment equipment undersized. Needed better quantification of VOCs in soils to design appropriate size. </font><p><font size="1">Plan for enhancing system to deal with saturated soils and free product.</font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="rocky mt"></a><font size="1">EPA Remedial Action<br> Rocky Mountain Arsenal (OU 18) Interim Response, CO</font><p><font size="1">6/91 to 12/91</font></p> <p><font size="1">Stacey Eriksen<br> (303) 294-1083</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE</font></a><p><font size="1">Woodward Clyde, Denver, CO</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (100 ft radius down to 60 ft; approximately 70,000 yd<sup>3</sup>)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">TCE</font><p><font size="1">Initial extracted gas concentration 60 ppm</font></p> <p><font size="1">Final extracted gas concentration 2 to 3 ppm</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">250 to 300 ft<sup>3</sup>/ min. of air</font><p><font size="1">Total removed 64 lb</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Required installing extraction wells</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Vapor phase carbon adsorption</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Sampling indicated the presence of TCE mainly in the soil gas samples and not the soil samples.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hinson chemical"></a><font size="1">EPA Removal Action Hinson Chemical, SC</font><p><font size="1">12/88 to 3/92</font></p> <p><font size="1">Fred Stroud<br> (404) 347-3136</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE</font></a><p><font size="1">OH Materials Atlanta, GA</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (60,000 yd<sup>3</sup>, up to 50 ft deep)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Benzene, TCE, PCE, DCA, MEK</font><p><font size="1">At completion: <10 ppm total VOCs (in all samples); average <1 ppm total VOCs </font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ; continuous operation (except for occasional shut downs to allow soil gas to reach equilibrium in the pore spaces)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">No cap needed</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Air emissions captured on vapor phase carbon</font></td> <td valign="top"><pre><font size="1"> </font></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="mccormick"></a><font size="1">EPA Removal Action<br> CSX McCormick Derailment Site, SC</font><p><font size="1">Steve Spurlin<br> (404) 347-3931</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE with air flushing</font></a><p><font size="1">MWRI</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (200,000 yd<sup>3</sup>)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">BTEX 130,000-gallon spill</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Used a system of extraction and injection wells. 1,000 separate PVC wells. Injection wells 7 to 8 feet deep. Extraction wells 2 to 3 feet deep.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Brought in clay to cover the area, to prevent air from infiltrating</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Wastewater sent off-site for treatment. Vapors captured and put through a knock out pot and incinerated.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">System was successful in decreasing concentration to cleanup goals. Had difficulties because fluctuation of shallow ground water decreased the efficiency, less vapors and more water.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="luke"></a><font size="1">Luke AFB, AZ</font><p><font size="1">11/91 to 5/92</font></p> <p><font size="1">Jerome Stolinsky<br> (402) 221-7170<br> Dan McCafferty<br> (406) 523-1150</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE with air flushing</font></a><font size="1"> and </font><a href="../section4/4_63.html"><font size="1">thermal oxidation of off-gases</font></a><p><font size="1">Jacobs Engineering</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil (35,000 yd<sup>3</sup>)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOCs (2-hexanone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl 2 pentanone, BTEX)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ down to 100 ft</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Removed approximately 11,000 lb of vapors and 4,000 lb of condensate</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Off gas vapors were thermally oxidized</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">TPH were present but were too heavy to volatilize. Would recommend combining SVE with in situ bioremediation to treat contaminants that could not be extracted with the SVE.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="savannah river"></a><font size="1"><b>DOE Demo</b><br> Savannah River Site, SC</font><p><font size="1">7/90 to 12/90</font></p> <p><font size="1">Brian Loony<br> (803) 725-5181</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ air stripping </font></a><font size="1">with horizontal wells</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil & ground water</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">TCE & PCE initial concentrations: 5000 ppm; stabilized to 200-300 ppm</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ (horizontal wells)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">One well below water table injects air while shallower well draws vacuum.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Extraction averaged 110 lb of VOCs/day</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Works best in sandy soils.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="mcclellan"></a><font size="1"><b>Air Force & EPA Demo</b><br> McClellan AFB, CA</font><p><font size="1">2/93</font></p> <p><font size="1">Joseph Danko<br> (503) 752-4271</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ SVE</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Vadose zone soils only</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOCs: TCE, DCE, vinyl chloride, toluene, xylene, & chlorobenzenes in the 100-1,000 ppm range</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Vacuum required to pull contaminants to the surface</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Contaminants are treated with a catalytic oxidation unit prior to atmospheric release</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Ineffective for removal of semivolatiles and metals. Does not work in saturated zone.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hill"></a><font size="1"><b>Air Force Demo</b><br> Hill AFB, UT </font><p><font size="1">12/88 to 10/89</font></p> <p><font size="1">Capt. E.G. Marchand<br> (904) 283-6023</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ soil venting</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Unsaturated soils</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Fuels and TCE. Fuel residual was <100 ppm</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Venting rates varied from 250 to<br> 1,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/min</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">May be necessary to seal surface to air</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Transfer-of-media method, so the waste is not destroyed</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil venting may provide oxygen for biodegradation.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="twin cities"></a><font size="1"><b>Army Demo</b><br> Twin Cities AAP, MN</font><p><font size="1">1986 to 1993</font></p> <p><font size="1">Eric Hangeland<br> (410) 671-2054</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ soil venting</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Unsaturated soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOCs. Removed 400 lb of VOCs/day initially, down to 15 lb/day at end</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">System had 40 vents and 4 20-hp blowers. Vents averaged 30 ft in depth</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">May be necessary to seal surface to air</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Off gas stream</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Noise complaints required evening and weekend shutdown.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="puerto rico"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b><br> Superfund Sites<br> Puerto Rico & Massachusetts</font><p><font size="1">1987 to 1988</font></p> <p><font size="1">Mary Stinson<br> (908) 321-6683<br> James Malot <br> (809) 723-9171</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">In situ vacuum extraction</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Vadose or unsaturated zone soils</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOCs - gas, fuel, 1,300 lb VOC removed in 56 days, average reduction 90% (clay) to 92% (sand)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">4 extraction wells, ideal permeability 10<sup>-4</sup> to 10<sup>-8</sup> cm/s, Henry's law >0.0001</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Typically 20-2,500 lb/day of contaminant</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Emission control required</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Dual extraction of ground water and vapor possible.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="luke 2"></a><font size="1"><b>Army Demo</b><br> Luke AFB, AZ</font><p><font size="1">1992</font></p> <p><font size="1">Jerome Stolinsky<br> (402) 221-7170</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">BTEX (16, 183, 84, 336 ppm) and TRPH (1,300 ppm)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ - two 60-ft extraction wells at 100 scfm</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Carbon air treatment, residual condensate generated at 8 gpd and incinerated</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Also can be used to enhance biodegradation.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="buchanan"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b><br> Buchanan, MI</font><p><font size="1">1992 to 1993</font></p> <p><font size="1">Kim Lisa Kreiton <br> (513) 569-7328<br> Gale Billings <br> (505) 345-1116</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Subsurface volatilization & ventilation system (SVVS)</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organics, fuels</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sup>2</sup>, & microbes monitored</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">VOC emissions treated in biofilter if required</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Network of injection and extraction wells to enhance biodegradation.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="llnl"></a><font size="1"><b>DOE Demo</b><br> LLNL, CA</font><p><font size="1">Mike Gill<br> (415) 744-2383</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Vacuum induced soil venting</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Unsaturated Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Gasoline - 99.8% destruction, 100 gal. free product removed</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ - each well has 5 vents above water table, including 2 above 20-25 inches Hg, 60 ft<sup>3</sup>/minute</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Includes manually adjusted skimming pipe</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Thermal oxidation of vapors - 99.8% destruction</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Simultaneous vapor/ground water extraction.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="sacramento army depot"></a><font size="1"><b>Army Demo</b><br> Sacramento Army Depot, CA</font><p><font size="1">1992 to 1993</font></p> <p><font size="1">Ron Oburn<br> (916) 388-4344<br> Bob Cox (Terra Vac)</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Vapor Extraction System</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil - 200 yd<sup>3</sup></font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Ethylbenzene, butanone, Xylene, PCE</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">To depth of 18 ft</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Vapor treated by thermal burner or catalytic oxidation. Entrained water treated off-site</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Also can be used to enhance biodegradation.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="groveland"></a><font size="1">Groveland Wells Superfund Site Groveland, MA<br> Mary Stinson<br> EPA Technical Support Branch, RREL<br> (908) 321-6683</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Soil Vapor Extraction</font></a><p><font size="1">Terra Vac (714) 252-8900</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">3-350 ppm TCE</font><p><font size="1">Treated to non-detect to 39 ppm TCE</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">$30 to $75 per metric ton ($30 to $70 per ton) of soil</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="letterkenny"></a><font size="1">Letterkenny AD Chambersburg, PA<br> USAEC ETD<br> Bldg. 4435<br> APG, MD 21010<br> (410) 671-2054</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Soil Vapor Extraction</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil(2,000 yd<sup>3</sup>) treated.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">> 1,000 ppm total VOCs</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In Situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Large-scale (>50 vents) system.</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">$2M design, install, and operation.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="commencement bay"></a><font size="1">Commencement Bay, South Tacoma Channel, Tacoma, WA<br> Phil Stoa, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers<br> Seattle District</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Soil Vapor Extraction</font></a><font size="1"> with an on-site solvent recovery system</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">98,203 cubic yards of soil treated.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">10 to 100 mg/kg of VOC in top soil; 6,200 to 19,000 mg/kg of PCE in deep soil<br> 571,000 pounds of VOCs in unsaturated zone.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In Situ</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Total Capital Cost: $5,313,973; Annual Operating Cost: $100,000.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="fairchild"></a><font size="1">Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation Superfund Site, San Jose, CA<br> Belinda Wei U.S. EPA Region 9</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">One of the earliest full-scale </font><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">SVE </font></a><font size="1">used in a site with complex hydrogeology</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">42,000 cubic yards of soil</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Up to 4,500 mg/kg of total solvents in soil.</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">39 extraction wells to treat</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Capital: $2,100,000; Total Operating & Maintenance: $1,800,000 for 18 months.<br> $93 per cubic yard soil treated</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hastings"></a><font size="1">Hastings Ground Water Contamination Superfund Site, Well #3 Subsite, Hastings, NE<br> Diane Easley (RPM)<br> U.S. EPA Region 7</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Full-scale SVE </font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">185,000 cubic yards of soil.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Up to 1,234 ppm of tetrachloride</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">10 extraction wells. </font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Total cost of $369,628. $2 per cubic yard soil treated.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="sms"></a><font size="1">SMS Instruments Superfund Site, Deer Park, NY<br> Abram Miko Fayon<br> Remedial Project Manager<br> U.S. EPA Region 2 (212)264-4706</font></td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_9.html"><font size="1">Full-scale SVE system</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">1,250 cubic yards of soil treated.</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Up to 1,200 mg/kg for volatiles and 1,800 mg/kg for semivolatiles<br> Treated to: <0.5 mg/kg for volatiles and <5.5 mg/kg for semivolatiles</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Horizontal vapor extraction wells and a process control system. 2 extraction wells</font></td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Total cost: $450,521. $360 per cubic yard of soil treated.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hialeah"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA </b><b><i>SITE</i></b><b> Demo</b><br> Hialeah, FL<br> 1988-90</font><p><font size="1">Mary Stinson<br> (908) 321-6683<br> Jeff Newton<br> (316) 269-2660</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_10.html"><font size="1">In situ solidification and stabilization</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Wet or dry soil, sludge, sediment</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">PCBs, inorganic and organic compounds</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Slurry injection with auger rotating at 15 rpm</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Mixing, binding agent is modified for each waste</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">PCB immobilization is likely but not confirmed</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Estimated costs $111/ton using a commercial 4 auger unit.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="geosafe"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b> Geosafe Test Site, WA; Hanford Nuclear Reservation, WA, ORNL, TN; INEL, ID</font><p><font size="1">1993</font></p> <p><font size="1">Teri Richardson<br> (513) 569-7949<br> James Hanson<br> (206) 822-4000</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_10.html"><font size="1">In situ vitrification</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil & sludge</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organics & inorganics</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">1,600-2,000 °C</font><p><font size="1">Transmission voltages=12.5 or 13.8 kV</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Off-gas treatment system removes pollutants (by quenching, scrubbing, heating, filtration)</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organics destroyed; inorganics incorporated in resultant mass.</font></td> </tr> <tr> <th><font size="1">Site Name/Contact</font></th> <th><font size="1">Technology/ Vendor</font></th> <th><font size="1">Media Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Contaminants Treated</font></th> <th><font size="1">Operating Parameters</font></th> <th><font size="1">Materials Handling</font></th> <th><font size="1">Residuals Management</font></th> <th><font size="1">Comments</font></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="hanford"></a><font size="1"><b>DOE Demo</b> Hanford Reservation, WA; ORNL, TN</font><p><font size="1">1993</font></p> <p><font size="1">Leo E. Thompson<br> (509) 376-5150<br> James E. Hansen<br> (509) 375-0710</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_10.html"><font size="1">In situ vitrification</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soils</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organics, inorganics, & radionuclides</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Joule heating through electrodes</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In situ</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organics destroyed; inorganics incorporated in resultant mass</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Lower potential risk --contaminants are not brought to the surface.</font><p><font size="1">$300 $450/ton</font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><a name="douglassville"></a><font size="1"><b>EPA Demo</b><br> Douglassville, PA</font><p><font size="1">10/87</font></p> <p><font size="1">Paul R. DePercin<br> (513) 569-7797<br> Ray Funderburk<br> (903) 545-2002</font></p> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="../section4/4_10.html"><font size="1">Solidification/ Stabilization: Chemical treatment & immobilization</font></a></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Soil & sludge</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Organic compounds, heavy metals, oil, & grease</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">In/ex situ. Sediments -- underwater. Batch process at 120 tons/hour</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Blending with cement or fly ash, water, and "Chloranan"</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Treated material hardens to a concrete-like mass</font></td> <td valign="top"><font size="1">Reagent formulation can be adjusted to specific contaminant.</font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p>Sources: <i>Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (EPA, Eighth Edition, Nov. 1996). 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