| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center
Twenty-Nine Palms, CA R.L. Biggers NFESC, (805) 982-2640 |
Biopile | Soil | Fuel from UST and spills - heap pile research project 702 ppm average TPH - beginning levels 234 ppm average-ending |
Temperature, pressure, and moisture content are monitored. | Excavation | $36/m3 ($27/yd3) | |
| Mobil Terminal Buffalo, NY Robert Leary or Sal Calandra |
Biopile | Soil | Gas, diesel, lead | 11,500 m3; non-native organisms added | |||
| Matagorda Island AF Range, TX 10/92 to 2/28/93 Vic Heister |
Ex situ bioremediation; solid phase. All constructed on abandoned runway. Bacteria added and mechanically mixed. | Soil (500 yd3) | PAHs TPH - 3,400 ppm BTEX - 41.3 ppm Criteria: |
Batch process retention time: 3 months 9-inch layers treated Ambient temperature bacteria added to waste |
Excavated approximately 40 by 60 ft area. Constructed on poly barrier and clean sand base. Did some mixing. | Backfilled the soil into the excavation. | Island is now a wildlife refuge; has an endangered species. |
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Bioremediation Treatment Facility (BTF) at NAS North Island | Biopile | Soil | Petroleum hydrocarbon | For a typical petroleum UST site that generates 1,000 tons of contaminated soil, treatment at the BTF will save about $30,000 as compared to thermal desorption or soil washing at local facilities and more than $100,000 as compared to disposal at an off-site Class II landfill. | |||
| Navy Marine Corps Mountain Warfare
Center Bridgeport, CA 8/89 to 11/89 Diane Soderland |
Bioremediation (ex situ); heap pile bioreactor. | Soil (7,000 yd3) | PAHs (petroleum hydrocarbons, diesel), metals (lead) | Temperature, pressure, and moisture content are monitored. | Excavation | After 20 months of operation, the TPH levels were 120 ppm |
|
| UMDA Hermiston, OR USAEC (410)671-2054 |
Windrow Composting | Soil | Beginning level: 1,563 ppm TNT 953 ppm RDX 156 ppm HMX Levels attained: 4 ppm TNT 2 ppm RDX 5 ppm HMX |
$210/metric ton ($190/ton) for large-scale (20,000 tons) cleanup | |||
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| LAAP Shreveport, LA USAEC (410)671-2054 |
Mechanical in-vessel composting | Soil | Beginning level: 5,200 ppm TNT 500 ppm RDX Levels attained: 20 ppm TNT 20 ppm RDX |
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| Cliff/Dow Disposal Site Marquet Ken Glatz (312)886-1434 |
Composting | Soil (7,000 m3) | PAHs, As, Cu, Pb, Hg | Destroyed only the lower molecular weight PAHs; did not reach safety level desired | |||
| Army Demo Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant, LA 12/87 to 4/88 Peter Marks |
Aerated static pile composting | Lagoon sediments | TNT, HMX, RDX Initial concentrations: 17000 mg/kg. | Thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (35 °C). Add bulking agents: horse manure, alfalfa, straw, fertilizer, horse feed | Mixing | Final concentrations: meso=376 mg/kg, therm=74 mg/kg. % reductions: TNT=99.6/99.9 RDX=94.8/99.1 HMX=86.9/95.6 |
|
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Army Demo Badger Army Ammunition Plant, WI 4/88 to 1/89 Peter Marks |
Aerated static pile composting | Soil & sediments | Nitrocellulose reduction > 99.5% | Thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (35 °C) | Mixing | Runoff collection from composting pads |
|
| Army Demo Umatilla Depot Activity, OR Harry Craig |
Aerobic composting optimization | Soil & sediment (10,969 yd3) | TNT, HMX, RDX, Tetryl. TNT and RDX soil concentrations ranged from 100 to 2000 ppm, HMX from 1 to 100 ppm. | Maintain moisture content at 30-35%. Turning frequency was once every 24 hours for first 5 days, less frequent turning on subsequent days. | Mix with bulking agents & organic amendments | Runoff collection from composting pads | Reduced the levels of target explosives to below the cleanup goals at: 190 ppm for TNT and 227 ppm for RDX. Total cost $346 per ton from mobilization to demobilization. Cost specific to biological treatment is $181 per cubic yard soil treated. |
| Dubose Oil Products Co. Superfund,
Cantonment, FL. Mark Fite |
Composting | 19,705 tons of soil | Contaminants concentrations: VOC ranged from 0.022 to
38.27 mg/kg; Total PAH from 0.578 to 367 mg/kg; PCP from 0.058 to 51 mg/kg. |
Control of soil oxygen and moisture content, pH, and nutrients levels. | Systems for aeration, inoculum growth and application | Leachate collection, and wastewater treatment. | Cleanup goal met for all constituents. Total PAH in treated soil ranging from 3.3 to 49.9. Unit cost directly attributed to treatment was $266/ton. |
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Pilot-scale Demo;
Letterkenny AD, Chambersburg, PA Richard Scholze, USACERL, (217) 373-3488 |
Genetically Engineered
Organisms (White rot fungus) |
PCP-treated ammunition boxes | 425 ppm of PCBs; 30% removal but 80% removal in lab |
PCP-treated ammunition boxes in less than ideal conditions. | |||
| Brookhaven Wood Preserving, MS;
1993 Richard Lamar, USDA, (608) 231-9469; John Glasser EPA RREL (513) 569-7568 |
Genetically Engineered
Organisms (white rot fungus) |
Soil (1/4 acre) PCP 700 ppm | PCBs, PAHs; Attained 89% PCP removal, 70% PAH removal | In situ | Tilling and watering; No nutrients were added | Air emmisions data showed no significant hazards due to soil tilling activities; Contaminated soil, underlying sand, and leachate had no significant contamination. | Levels of PCP and the target PAHs found in the underlying sand layer and the leachate from each of the plots were insignificant, indicating low leachability and loss of these contaminants due to periodic irrigation of the soil and heavy rainfall; Levels of PCP, the target PAHs, and dioxins in the active air samples collected during the soil tilling events were insignificant, indicating a very low potential for airborne contaminant transport. |
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Bioremediation of PAH Contaminated Soils Environmental Protection Service, |
Genetically Engineered
Organisms, Using White Rot Fungi GEOBAC Technologies Group, Inc. |
Soil | Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) |
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| EPA Remedial Action Brown Wood Preserving, FL 10/88 to 12/91 Martha Berry |
Land treatment Remediation Technologies, Seattle, WA |
Soil/pond sediment (7,500 yd3) | Criteria: 100 ppm total carcinogenic PAHs as sampled on 8 subplots on each lift Input: Output: |
Retention time - 3 to 6 months Additives - water and nutrients |
Excavation Screening Tilling | Treated material vegetated with grass (no cap) | Further information on this project is available from the Remedial Action Close Out Report. The vendor, RETEC, is expected to prepare a paper. |
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Removal Action Poly-Carb, Inc., NV 7/22/87 to 8/16/88 Bob Mandel |
Land treatment and
soil washing EPA removal contractor |
Soil (1,500 yd3) | Input: Phenol - 1,020 ppm o-creosol - 100 ppm m- and p-creosol - 409 ppm Output: Phenol - 1 ppm o-creosol - 1 ppm m- and p-creosol -0.92 ppm |
Additives: water | Excavation Placement in double-lined pit Irrigation Tilling |
Leachate collection and treatment with granular activated carbon | This treatment used both bioremediation and soil flushing in one step. |
| EPA Removal Action Scott Lumber, MO 8/87 to Fall 1991 Bruce Morrison |
Land treatment RETEC Chapel Hill, NC |
Soil (16,000 yd3) | Criteria: 500 ppm - Total PAH 14 ppm -Benzo(a)pyrene |
Additives: Water Phosphates |
Tilling | Output: 160 ppm Total PAH 12 ppm Benzo(a)pyrene |
Wood preserving site. |
| Lowry AFB, Denver, CO Lt. Tom Williams, |
Land Treatment Engineering Science, Inc. |
Soil (5,400 yd3) | BTEX < 100 mg/kg, Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TRPH) upto 11,000 mg/kg; 3,100 mg/kg average. | Soil spread on plastic sheeting to thickness of 14 to 18 inches; One time ammonium nitrate nutrients (C:N:P ration of 200:10:1); Soil aerated twice a month; Soil moisture content 10% - 15%. | Ex situ | Total capital cost - $104,257; Estimated annual operating cost - $18,460. | |
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Army Ft. Ord Marina, Fritzche AAF Fire Drill Area, CA Winter 1991 Gail Youngblood |
Land treatment | Soil (4,000 yd3) | TCE, MEK, TPH, BTEX | Initial concentration >1,000 ppm End concentration <200 ppm |
Ex situ | None | USACE/DOD-financed Installation Restoration Program. |
| Navy Demo Camp Pendleton, CA 1991 William Sancet |
Land treatment: Enzyme catalyzed, accelerated biodegradation | Soil | TPH reduced from 29,000 ppm to 88 ppm (well below 100 ppm goal) | 50 yd3/month capacity | Soil tilled with a garden tractor after each product application and once each week | No residual waste produced. No future maintenance required | $351/cubic yard. |
| Petroleum Products Terminal Al Leuscher |
Landfarming | Soil | TPH 1,000 ppm Level attained: 100 ppm |
Soils segregated by contamination type- treated for 3 years (seasonal operation) | |||
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Fuel Oil Spill Foster
Wheeler |
Landfarming | Soil | TPH 6,000 ppm Level attained: 100 ppm |
Heavy clays required addition of soil amendments 120 treatment days | |||
| Creosote John Matthews EPA RSKERL (405)436-8600 |
Landfarming | Soil | Pyrene 135 ppm PCP 132 ppm Levels attained: < 7.3 ppm 87 ppm |
NPL - Ongoing seasonal operation | |||
| Pesticide Storage Facility | Landfarming | Soil | Pesticide 86 ppm. Level attained 5 ppm | 12-inch clay liner with drainage employed - 5 months' treatment | |||
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Army Demo Joliet Army Ammunition Plant, IL 1992 Kevin Keehan |
Slurry phase biological treatment: Soil slurry-sequencing batch bioreactor | Soil | TNT, RDX, HMX TNT reduced from 1,300 to 10 ppm |
In tank or reactor | Excavation and pre-screening (to remove large debris) | Slurry removed & dewatered; process water recycled | Best suited for small sites where incineration is cost-prohibitive. |
| Navy Demo Naval Weapons Station unleaded gasoline spill Seal Beach, CA Steve McDonald |
Slurry phase biological treatment: unleaded gasoline spill | Soil & ground water | Aromatic hydrocarbons: 1 ppb to 4 ppm of BTEX | Three 80-litre bioreactors at 72 L/day | Site soil placed in reactor - ground water pumped through | Effluent cleaned to drinking water standards for BTEX |
|
| Site Name/Contact | Technology/ Vendor | Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA SITE Demo EPA Test & Evaluation Facility, OH 5/91 to 9/91 Ronald Lewis |
Slurry phase biological treatment: Bioslurry reactor | Soils, sediments, & sludge | 97% reduction in PAHs | Degradation enhanced by control of pH, temperature, oxygen, nutrients, and enriched indigenous microorganisms | Excavation, mixing, additives, sparging |
|
Can be used for creosote and petroleum wastes. |
| EPA SITE Demo Ronald Lewis |
Liquids & solids biological treatment (LST) | Soils, sediments, & sludge | Biodegradable organics | Suspended solids up to 20% | Mixing & aeration | Managed by carbon adsorption & biofiltration | Mobile LST pilot system. |
Sources: Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (EPA, Eighth Edition, Nov. 1996). Completed North American Innovative Remediation Technology Demonstration Projects (EPA, Aug.1996)