| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPA Demo Hamilton Harbor, Canada 1992 Gordon Evans |
Thermal gas phase reduction | Soil, sludge, liquids, & gases | Hydrocarbons PCBs, PAHs, chlorophenols, pesticides | 850 °C or higher - 25 tons/day | Reduction of hydrocarbons in presence of hydrogen | Offgas stream | Mobile reactor. |
| HWAAP Hawthorne, NV Louis Kanaras,
USAEC |
Hot Gas Decontamination | Soil | 99.99% removal of TNT | Successful pilot-scale demonstration | |||
| EPA Demo Babcock & Wilcox, OH Laurel Staley (513) 569-7863 |
Cyclone Furnace | Soil | Organics & metals | 820 °F | Swirling action mixes air & fuel | Final product resembles volcanic glass (similar to ISV's product) | $528/ton of soil. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Demo Ogden's Research Facility San Diego, CA Douglas Grosse (513) 569-7844 |
Circulating bed combustor (CBC) | Soil, sludge, liquids, solids, slurry | Halogenated and nonhalogenated organic compounds, PCBs, dioxins | 16-inch diameter CBC, 1,450-1,600 °F, waste feed <1 inch | Highly turbulent combustion zone. Mixing wastes Limestone added to neutralize acid gases | DRE value of 99.99% for principal organics. Treated ash disposal | Controlled sulfur oxide emissions by adding limestone. |
| EPA SITE Demo Monaca, PA 1991 Donald Oberacker |
HRD flame reactor | Wastes, soil, solids, fluid, dust, slag, sludge with high metal content | Metals (zinc, lead, arsenic, silver, gold) and organics | Combustion in O2 enriched chamber at 2,000 ° +C | Requires dry wastes | Nonleachable slag, disposal in landfill | Secondary lead smelter soda slag processed for $932/ton. 1 to 3 tons/hour cap. |
| EPA SITE Demos (1) Tampa, FL, 8/87 (2) Rose Township/Demode Road Superfund Site, MI, 11/87 John F. Martin |
Incineration: Infrared thermal destruction | Soil, sediment, liquid organic wastes mixed with sand or soil | Organics | Infrared radiant heat of up to 1,850 °F | May need to restrict chloride levels in the feed | PCBs consistently meet TSCA guidance 2 ppm in ash | PCB DRE was greater than 99.99% based on detection limits. RCRA standards for particulate emissions questionable. |
| Peak Oil Site Tampa, FL Howard O. Wall EPA RREL |
Full scale: electric infrared mobile incineration unit | Soil | Oil sludge (PCBs and lead) | $180 to $800/metric ton ($164-$730/ton) | |||
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Savanna AD Savanna, IL Michael G. Cosmos (610) 701-7423 |
Full scale transportable incineration system | 75,000 tons of soil | 1,000 ppm TNT Levels attained: < 1 ppm |
$180/metric ton ($173/ton) inclusive | |||
| Lauder Salvage Yard Beardstown, IL Michael G. Cosmos (610) 701-7423 |
Full scale transportable incineration system | Soil | From 12,000 ppm PCBs to < 1 ppm | $200/metric ton ($180/ton) | |||
| DOE Demo Energy Technology Engineering Center, ORNL, LANL Lawnie H. Taylor (301) 903-8119 |
Pyrolysis: Molten salt oxidation process | Liquids & solids | Radionuclides organics, oils, graphite, chemical warfare agents, & explosives | 800-1,000 °C Typical residence time is 2 seconds | Waste passed through a sparged bed of turbulent molten salt. | Off-gas filtered before release | $500/ton. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| HT-V TDI Thermal Dynamics |
Mobile thermal desorption unit with pyrolytic mode | Soil | Dioxin 99.99% removal |
||||
| Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG | Pyrolysis - Desorb and combust volatiles | Soil | Polycyclic aromatics, 99.77% removal | ||||
| Wide Beach Superfund Site NY SoilTech, Inc. | Pyrolysis - Anaerobic thermal processor (ATP), indirectly heated rotary kiln | Soil | From 5,000 ppm PCB to < 2 ppm | $290/metric ton ($265/ton) | |||
| EPA Remedial Action McKin, ME 7/86 to 2/87 Sheila Eckman |
Thermal desorption Canonie Env. Services Corp., Porter, IN |
Soil (11,500 yd³ to a depth of 10 ft) | VOCs Criteria: 0.1 ppm TCE Input: |
Continuous operation 6 to 8 minutes' retention time 300 °F |
Excavation | Soils - solidified and
disposed of on-site Vapors - air carbon capture |
Industrial landfill. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Remedial Action Otteti & Goss, NH 6/89 to 9/89 Stephen Calder |
Thermal desorption Canonie Engineering |
Soil (6,000 yd³) | TCE, PCE, DCA, benzene Criteria: |
Batch process | Excavation Screening | Carbon from air pollution control unit regenerated off-site | For more information on this project, see the close out report available from EPA Region I. |
| EPA Remedial Action Outboard Marina, Waukegan Harbor (OU 3), IL 1/92 to 7/92 Cindy Nolan |
Thermal desorption Canonie Environmental Services, Porter, IN |
Soil/sediments (16,000 yd³) | PCBs Initial 20,000 -100,000 ppm 99% removal |
Continuous with a
retention time of 15 minutes and throughput of 8 to 10
tons/hour Temperature 1,100 °F Moisture content 20% or less soda ash added to waste to meet DRE of 99.9999% |
Excavation Mixing Dewatering |
Cleaned soil and sediment stored in on-site containment cells. Wastewater discharged to POTW. | Reduced PCB levels much more than expected. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Remedial Action Cannon Engineering/ MA 5/90 to 10/90 Richard Goehlert |
Thermal soil aeration Canonie Environmental Services Corp., Porter, IN |
Soil (11,300 tons) | Criteria: 0.1 ppm - TCE, DCE, PCE 0.2 - Toluene, Xylene 0.5 - Vinyl chloride SVOCs - 3 ppm (total) Input: 500 to 3,000 ppm (total VOCs) Output: <0.25 ppm (total vocs) |
Continuous operation 40 tons/hour 450 to 500 °F Moisture content before treatment - 5 to 25% moisture Additives - dry soil (to reduce moisture content) |
Excavation Screening Mixing Dewatering |
Residuals from air
pollution control - disposed of off-site Wastewater - treated on-site |
The waste feed size
limitation for the equipment, (1.875 inches), was an
important consideration. More information is in the RA report available from EPA Region I. |
| EPA Removal Action Drexler RAMCOR, WA 7/92 to 8/92 Chris Field |
Low temperature thermal desorption treatment. Thermally treat 3,000 tons of soil on-site up to 700 °F/Four Seasons | Soil 3,000 tons (approximately 3,000 yd³) | Petroleum hydrocarbons,
polynuclear aromatics, BTEX (benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, xylene) 200-ppm TPH was target. Initial TPH was 70,000 ppm (high) to 15,000 - 20,000 ppm (average) |
16 hours/day 12 to 15
tons/hour Operating temperature up to 700 °F |
Excavation Screening Removed material greater than 2 inches. Rockwashing station for particles greater than 2 inches. Steam-cleaned large rocks. | Treated soil was backfilled into the excavated areas on-site. Soil that did not meet the targets was retreated. Wastewater was treated on-site through carbon filters. | Total cost approximately $250,000. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Demo ReSolve, Inc., Superfund Site, MA 1992 Paul DePercin |
X*TRAXTM thermal desorption | Soil | VOCs, SVOCs, & PCBs Average PCB removal efficiency: 99% |
Heated rotary dryer, 750-950 °F | Separation technique | Negligible organic air emission. No PCBs detected in vent gases | Metal concentrations and soil physical properties not altered by system. |
| EPA Demo Wide Beach Development Superfund Site, NY & Outboard Marine Corp., IL 1991 & 1992 Paul dePercin |
Anaerobic thermal processor | Soil & refinery wastes | PCBs (99% reduction), chlorinated pesticides, & VOCs | Thermal zones: preheat, retort, combustion, & cooling | Mixing occurs in rotary kiln | Vaporized contaminant stream through cyclone, baghouse, scrubber, and carbon. | No dioxins or furans created. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA Demo Niagara-Mohawk Power Co., NY 6/91 Ronald Lewis |
High Temperature Thermal Processor | Solids & sludges | VOCs, SVOCs, & PCBs | 850 °F, 150 °F for safe handling | Rotation of screws moves material | Controlled by an indirect condensing system & activated carbon beds | Not suitable for heavy metals. Prescreening necessary to obtain particles <1 inch. |
| EPA Demo Pesticide Site, AZ 9/92 Paul DePercin |
Low Temperature Thermal Aeration (LTTA®) | Soils, sediments & sludges | Removal efficiencies:
>99%-VOCs @ 5,400 mg/kg >92%-pesticides @ 1,500 mg/kg 67-96% SVOCs @ 6.5 mg/kg |
800 °f | Dry, pug mill, cyclonic separators, baghouse, venturi scrubber, GAC. | Treated exhaust air and
liquid with GAC. Does not generate dioxins or furans. |
Efficient performance with no down time. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Army Demo Letterkenny Army Depot, PA 8/85 to 9/85 Capt. Kevin Keehan |
Low Temperature Thermal Stripping McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering |
Soil | VOCs (chlorinated solvents & fuels); 99.9% destruction | Up to 650 °F | Churning - Holo-Flite screw thermal processor | Gaseous effluent with concentrated contaminants. | Nitrogen may be used if contaminants are explosive. |
| EPA & Army Demo Tinker AFB, OK & Anderson Development Co. Superfund Site, MI 1989 Paul dePercin |
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment (LT3®) | Soil | VOCs & SVOCs; diesel fuel, gasoline & PAHs | Area required: 5,000 ft2. Soil heated to 400-500 °F. Treatment capacity was 18,000-20,000 lb/hour. | Covered troughs that house inter-meshed screw conveyors. | Organic phases are disposed of off-site | All cleanup goals met when soil above 215 °F. |
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| EPA SITE Demo EPA Combustion Research Facility, Jefferson, AK 11/87 to 1/88 Laurel Staley |
PYRETRON® thermal destruction | Soil, sludge, solid waste | Organics | O2 enhanced combustion | 40% contaminated soil, 60% decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations | DRE for all POHCs >99.99% | Not suitable for aqueous, RCRA heavy metal, or inorganic wastes. |
| Alaskan Battery Enterprises Superfund Site, Fairbanks, AK Hugh Masters |
Thermal Desorption featuring gravity separation and particle size classification | Soil | From 2,280- 10,374 ppm lead to 15-2,541 ppm lead | $182/metric ton ($165/ton) | |||
| Escambia Wood Treating Company Superfund Site, Pensacola, FL Terri Richardson |
Thermal Desorption featuring particle size classification and surfactant addition. | Soil | From 550- 1,700 ppm PAHs, 48-210 ppm PCP, to 45 ppm PAHs, 3 ppm PCPs |
$151/metric ton ($137/ton) (projected) | |||
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Pristine, Inc., Reading, OH Tom Alcamo |
Thermal Desorption | Soils with a wide range of pH and moisture conditions. 11,500 tons of soil | VOCs up to 0.14 ppm;
SVOCs up to 130 ppm; 4,4-DDT ranging from 0.11 to 8.2
ppm; Lead ranging from 26 to 1,100 >99.99% Destruction and Removal Efficiencies for PAHs and pesticides. |
Treated at 1,009.9 to 1,034.1°F. | |||
| T H Agriculture & Nutrition Company
Superfund Site, Albany, GA R. Donald Rigger (404)347-3931 |
Thermal desorption | 42,000 tons of soil | Organochlorine (OLC)
pesticides Concentration of OLC pesticides: >1,000 mg/kg >98% average removal efficiencies |
Treated at 833 to 1,080°F for 15 minutes. | Treatment cost: $849,996;
Before-treatment cost: $252,582. $200 per ton or $340 per cubic yard soil treated. |
||
| Site Name/ Contact |
Technology/ Vendor |
Media Treated | Contaminants Treated | Operating Parameters | Materials Handling | Residuals Management | Comments |
| Anderson Development Company Superfund Site,
Adrian, MI Jim Hahnenburg |
Full-scale treatment using a thermal auger system with hollow-screw conveyors. | 5,100 tons of soil | MBOCA, VOCs, PAHs and heavy metals | treated at 500-530°F for 90 minutes. | |||
| McKin Company Superfund Site, Gray, ME Sheila Eckman |
Thermal Desorption | 11,500 cubic yards of soil | 3,310 mg/kg of TCE, 130 mg/kg of Ethylbenzene, 35 mg/kg of Toluene. Treated to <0.1 mg/kg of TCE, <1 mg/kg of other VOCs | Treated at 250-400°F for 6 minutes. | Total cost: $2,900,000 |
Sources: Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (EPA, Eighth Edition, Nov. 1996). Completed North American Innovative Remediation Technology Demonstration Projects (EPA, Aug.1996)