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| Chemical
Disposal Pit, Hill AFB, UT 1998 James T. Gibbs 614-424-6424 |
Bioventing Battelle Columbus, OH |
Soil | TCE, DCB, BTEX | In situ | In situ | “Bioventing
Nonpetroleum Hydrocarbons,” Engineered Approaches for In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvent Contamination. 1999. (p 7-14) |
|
| Reilly
Tar Superfund Site, St. Louis Park, MN 1997 Dr. Paul McCauley 513-569-7444 mccauley.paul@epa.gov |
Bioventing EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory |
Soil | PAHs | In situ | In situ | “Bioventing
for Enhanced Degradation of PAHs,” Tech Trends, Aug 1999 |
|
| St.
Louis Park, MN 1997 Paul McCauley 513-569-7444 |
Bioventing National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH |
Soil | Hydrocarbons | In situ | In situ | Bioventing
(Air-Injection) [An EPA SITE Program document will be produced.] |
|
| Savannah River DOE Program Manager |
Bioventing | Soil & Ground water | TCE and PCE.
Soil:10 ppm, GW: 1 ppm Disposal of solvents used to degrease nuclear fuel target elements. |
Levels attained < 2 ppb | Capital: $150K + 200 man-hours per week | ||
| Air Force Tech Demo - Program was launched
in 5/92 Lt. Col. Ross N. Miller |
Bioventing initiative | Soil | Diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, or petroleum hydrocarbons | Aerobic degradation by direct injection or extraction of air | Temporary shutdown of air injection in vent well to measure in situ rate of oxygen respiration in the monitoring wells. | In situ technique for non- and semi-volatile hydrocarbons | Degrada- tion
up to 5,000 ppm/year. Apparatus is relatively non- intrusive. |
| Tyndall AFB, FL Armstrong Laboratory /EQW (904) 283-6208 DSN: 523-6208 |
Bioventing | Soil | Volatile hydrocarbons in vadose zone > 1,000 mg TPH/kg soil declined to < 30 mg TPH/kg soil | In situ | In situ | $15 -$20/m3 ($12 -$15/yd3 | |
| Eielson AFB, AK Armstrong Laboratory /EQW Kathy Vogel Tyndall AFB, FL (904) 283-6208 DSN: 523-6208 |
Bioventing | Soil | Volatile hydrocarbons | In situ | In situ | Average bioventing cost $10 -$15/yd3 | |
| Hill AFB, UT AFCEE/Armstrong Laboratory /EQW Kathy Vogel (904)283-6208 |
Bioventing | Soil to a depth of 60 ft. | 25,000
gallons of JP-4. Starting levels at 20,000 ppm TPH. 98%
reduction. A pilot-scale demo is presently (1997) being performed to treat chlorinated solvents. |
In situ | In situ | Average
bioventing cost $10-$15/yd3 |
|
| Lowry AFB, Lt.COL Tom Williams |
Bioventing | Soil | Heating oil which contained relatively high concentration of TPH. | In situ | In situ | Capital: $28,500; Annual Operating: $32,875 | |
| DOI Tech Demo (USGS) Galloway Township, NJ 1988 Herbert
T. Buxton |
Vapor extraction and bioventing design | Soil & ground water | Gasoline | AIRFLOW - an adaptation of the USGS ground water flow simulator | MODFLOW to perform airflow simulations to predict well locations and pumping rates | None | Success
dependent on ability to characterize air permeability. |
| Former
Chemical Drum Storage Pad, Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base, OH 1998 Wendy J. Davis-Hoover 513-569-7206 davis-hoover.wendy@epa.gov |
In situ soil
bio- remediation w/ Lasagna™ U.S. EPA Cincinnati |
Soil | TCE | In situ | In situ | “In Situ
Bioremediation Using Horizontal Lasagna™,” Engineered Approaches for In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvent Contamination. 1999. (p 263-267) |
|
| Savannah
River Site Sanitary Landfill, Aiken, SC 1998 Robin L. Brigmon |
In situ soil
bio- remediation/ Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Aiken, SC |
Soil | TCE, VC, DCE | In situ | In situ | Evaluation
of Methanotrophic Bacteria During Injection of Gaseous Nutrients for In Situ Trichloroethylene Bioremed-iation in a Sanitary Landfill WSRC-MS-98-00854 |
|
| Kennedy
Space Flight Center, Cape Canaveral, FL 1998 Tom Rogers 409-693-0017 |
In situ soil
bio- remediation/ Lynntech, Inc. College Station, TX |
Soil | Chlorinated Solvents | In situ | In situ | Resource
Guide for Electrokinetics Laboratory & Field Processes Applicable to Radioactive & Hazardous Mixed Wastes in Soil & Groundwater ... EPA 402-R-97-006 (p 59) |
|
| Radford
Army Ammunition Plant, VA 1997 Dr. Tom Rogers 409-693-0017 |
In situ soil
bio- remediation/ 1997 Lynntech, Inc. College Station, TX |
Soil | Heavy Metals | In situ | In situ | Resource
Guide for Electrokinetics Laboratory & Field Processes Applicable to Radioactive & Hazardous Mixed Wastes in Soil & Groundwater EPA 402-R-97-006 (p 56) |
|
| EPA Remedial
Action Seymour Recycling, IN Summer
1990 Jeff Gore |
In situ soil bio- remediation/ ABB Environ- mental Services | Soil (12 acres to 10 ft deep, about 43,500 yd3) | 54 contaminants present, including TCE, TCA, and carbon tetrachloride. No standards or criteria for this OU in ROD | Additives - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur as fertilizer (200,000 gallons of nutrients added) | Tilling | Capping in place | The soil
became saturated quickly during this project, creating surface pools. The specially designed tractor got stuck. |
| EPA Removal
Action Roseville Drums, CA 2/12/88 to 11/9/88 Brad Shipley |
In situ bio- remediation/ EPA removal contractor | Soil (14 yd3) | Input: Dichloro- benzene - 4,000 ppm Phenol - 12,000 ppm |
Additives to soil: manure, water | Tilling | Output: Dichloro- benzene -140 ppm Phenol - 6 ppm |
Midnight dump on dirt road. |
| EPA Removal Action
Gila River Indian Reservation, AZ 6/24/85 to 10/23/85 Richard Martin |
In situ anaerobic biological treatment (preceded by chemical treatment) /EPA removal contractor | Soil (3,220 yd3) | Toxaphene Input: 470 ppm Output: 180 ppm |
pH: 8.3 to 9.8 Additives to soil: sulfuric acid, manure, sludge | Tilling | Capped in place | The
biological treatment would have been more successful if the neutralization after the chemical treatment had been more complete. Tearing of the plastic sheets covering the soils allowed air in and prevented anaerobic activity. |
| EPA Removal Action
Gila River, Indian Reservation, AZ 3/28/85 to 6/24/85 Richard Martin (414) 744-2288 |
In situ chemical treatment (followed by anaerobic bio- remediation)/ EPA removal contractor | Soil (3,200 yd3) | Input: Toxaphene - 1,470 ppm |
pH: 10.12 to 11.8 Moisture: wet additives to soil: sodium hydroxide, water | Bio- remediation | Output: Toxaphene - 470
ppm |
Drum storage/disposal. |
| Navy
Demo Naval Communica- tion Station, Scotland 2/85 to 10/85 Deh Bin Chan |
Biodecontami- nation of fuel oil spills | Soil | Fuel Oil | In situ; micro- organisms function best at 20-35 °C | In situ | In situ | Diesel fuel storage tanks and piping. |
| DOE Savannah River Site, SC Terry C.
Hazen |
Biodegradation | Soil & ground water | TCE, PCE declined to < 2 ppb | In situ | Injection of 1- 4% methane/air into aquifer via horizontal wells | In situ | Inhibited by copper or high clay content. |
| Army Demo U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, IL Jean Donnelly |
Biodegradation of oil contaminated soils | Soil | Motor oil/lubrication oil | In situ | Disk inoculant & nutrients into contaminated soil. Cover soil w/ventilated plastic sheeting. | In situ | Applicable to
spills on air strips, roads, and parking lots. |
| Air Force Demo Kelly AFB, TX & Eglin AFB, FL Joe
Laird |
In situ Biodegradation | Soil & ground water | Hydrocarbons -fuels, fuel oils, & non- halogenated solvents | In situ soil conditioning and electron acceptor addition. | Nutrients introduced into aquifer through irrigation wells | Pumping wells remove excess fluids | Site
character- ization necessary to determine soil/chemical compatibility. |
| Formerly
JimBo's Gas N'Goodies, Aiken, SC 1999 Jim Ullery 706-722-3490 JUllery@setechctr.org |
In situ
Biodegradation Southeastern Technology Center (STC) |
Soil | BTEX | In situ | In situ | PHOSter
Bioremediation Technology: Award- Winning Technology Demonstrated in Downtown Augusta setechctr.org/Environmental/phoster.htm |
|
| FAA Technical Center-Area D
Atlantic County, NJ Carla Struble |
Enhanced biodegradation | Nutrient addition and ground water reinjection in saturated soil (sand) | 33,000 yd3 Jet fuel NAPLs | In situ | In situ | Expected full scale $286K CAP and $200K O&M | |
| Pinellas
STAR Center, Largo, FL 1997 M.F. DeFlaun |
Enhanced
aerobic biodegradation Envirogen, Inc. Lawrenceville, NJ |
Soil | Chlorinated Solvents | In situ | In situ | Performance Evaluation of an In Situ Anaerobic Biotreatment System for Chlorinated Solvents EPA 600-A-98-041 | |
| Eglin AFB, FL Alison Thomas (904) 283-6303 |
Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation | Fuel con- taminated aquifer. | 4,000 ppb BTEX | Using nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor | |||
| French Limited
Superfund Site, Crosby, TX Judith
Black |
Slurry-phase bioremediation | 300,000 tons of soil and sludge | PCBs (up to 616 mg/kg), volatile organics (up to 400 mg/kg), penta- chlorophenol (up to 750 mg/kg), semivolatiles (up to 5,000 mg/kg) and metals (up to 5,000 mg/kg). | In situ | In situ | Total cost of
$49,000,000 of which $26,900,000 directly related to treatment, $16,500,000 for before- treatment, $5,600,000 for after- treatment. |
|
| DOE Demo Savannah River Site, SC Nate
Ellis |
Vegetation enhanced biodegradation | Soil | TCE, PCE & PAHs at 10,000 ppb | In situ | Root- associated micro- organisms degrade contaminants. | In situ | Pine trees
are most effective. Depth limited to about 20 ft. $50,000/ acre. |
| Brookhaven
National Laboratory 1998 USDOE |
Phyto- remediation | Soil | Cs(137) | In situ | In situ | “Biomass
Remediation System (TMS #251),” SCFA Midyear Review Report and Supporting Documentation, 1999 |
|
| Whitewood
Creek, SD 1998 Jerald R. Schnoor 319-335-5649 jschnoor@cgrer.uiowa.edu |
Phyto-
remediation University of Iowa |
Soil | As, Cd | In situ | In situ | Phytostabilization
Demonstra-tion, One Acre Test Plot, Mine Wastes, Phytoremediation: Technology Evaluation Report. GWRTAC TE-98-01 (p 8) |
|
| Dearing,
KS 1998 G. Pierzynski 785-532-7209 gmp@ksu.edu |
Phyto-
remediation Kansas State University |
Soil | Pb, Zn, Cd | In situ | In situ | Phytostabilization
Demon-stration, One Acre Test Plot Abandoned Smelter, Barren Land, Phytoremediation: Technology Evaluation Report. GWRTAC TE-98-01 (p 8) |
|
| Trenton,
NJ Site 1998 Burt Ensley 908-438-0900 |
Phyto-
remediation Phytotech, Inc. Monmouth, NJ |
Soil | Heavy Metals | In situ | In situ | Phytoextraction
of Metal from Soil [An EPA SITE Program document will be produced.] |
|
| DOE
Site, Ashtabula, OH 1997 Burt Ensley 908-438-0900 |
Phyto-
remediation Phytotech, Inc. Monmouth, NJ |
Soil | Inorganic Compounds | In situ | In situ | Rhizofiltration Demonstration, DOE Energy Wastes, Phytoremediation: Technology Evaluation Report. GWRTAC TE-98-01 (p 8) | |
| Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Site 17 | Phyto- remediation | Soil and Groundwater | Mercury (<0.14 ug/L) | Hybrid
Poplar Trees Evergreen Trees |
Pre-design | ||
| Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (USDOE, Operable Unit 21) | Phyto- remediation | Soil | Chromium (NR) Cesium-137 (NR) Mercury (NR) Selenium (NR) Silver (NR) Zinc (NR) | Prairie
Cascade Willows Kochia Scoparia |
Operational | ||
| Bofors Nobel (Operable Unit 1) | Phyto- remediation | Soil, Sludge, and Groundwater | Benzene | No Information | Pre-design | ||
| Boarhead Farm | Phyto- remediation | Soil and Groundwater | Cadmium
(5 ug/L, Groundwater) Nickle (100 ug/L, Groundwater) Benzene (0.5 mg/kg, Soil) Trichloroethene (0.4 mg/kg, Soil) |
No Information | Design | ||
| Aberdeen Proving Grounds (Edewood Area, J-Field Soil OU | Phyto- remediation | Soil and Groundwater | 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene
(NR) Trichloroethane (NR) |
Hybrid
Poplar Trees Magnolia Trees Silver Maple Trees |
Operational | ||
| McCormick
& Baxter SUPERFUND Site, Portland,
OR (Wood treatment site) Steve Rock (513) 569-7149 |
Phyto- remediation | Shallow soil | PCP and PAHs | Perennial ryegrass | Site seeded and irrigation system installed | ||
| Argonne National
Laboratory M. Christina Negri, DOE, Office of Energy Research, (630) 252-9662 |
Phyto- remediation | Soils | Heavy metals | Project is
also investigating the fate of chlorinated organic solvents in plant systems |
|||
| Craney Island
Fuel Terminal, U.S. Navy, Portsmouth, VA Dr. Stephanie Fiorenza, DoD/AATDF (713) 527-8101 x3338 |
Phyto- remediation | Soils (15 acres) | TPH | 1) bermuda grass sod over-seeded with rye grass, 2) white clover, 3) tall fescue | The site is visited once per month during the growing season. Plots are weeded, mowed, and fertilized. Sampling is conducted monthly or bimonthly for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and nutrients in soil, above- and below- ground biomass development, and contaminants in soil pore water. | ||
| EPA S.I.T.E.
Program, Ogden, Utah Steve Rock (513) 569-7149 |
Phyto- remediation; Chevron Research, Phytokinetics, Inc | Soil and ground water | Petroleum spill | Poplar trees, juniper trees, alphalfa, and fescue | Planted in three rows (six feet apart) perpendicular to ground water flow to form subsurface interceptor barrier to the saturated zone | Plants used: Alfalfa, Poplar Juniper, Fescue | |
| Ohio (Former metal plating
site) Steve Rock (513) 569-7149 |
Phyto- remediation; Phytotech, Inc | Soil | Lead, chromium, and hexavalent chrome | Indian mustard plants | Two to three plantings per year are expected | Plants will be harvested, then either disposed of or recycled for metals content |
