| DOE
Mound Facility, Miamisburg, OH 1997 James Johnson 937-847-5234 james.o.johnson@em.doe.gov |
Air
Sparging
DOE Ohio Sites Technology Coordination Group (STCG) Miamisburg |
Ground water | VOCs | In situ | Demonstrated Air Sparging/Vapor Extraction www.ohio.doe.gov/oh-stcg/ | ||
| DOE Demo Hanford Reservation, WA Steve Stein |
Air Sparging | Ground water | VOCs | In situ - In well air stripping | Surfactants or catalysts added if needed | Requires air-stream treatment | Eliminates need for disposal or storage of partially treated water. |
| Amoco
Petroleum Pipeline Constantine, MI |
Air Sparging, Dual Phase Extraction and GAC to recover free product and treat ground water. | 775 million gallons of ground water | 300,000 to 2 million gallons of gasoline, fuel oil, and kerosene | In situ air sparging was subsequently added to treat the saturated zone. 4 extraction wells and 30 air sparging wells were installed. 2 GAC vessels in series | 118,000 gallons of free product recovered | Capital Cost: $297,000 for ground water
recovery and treatment, $375,000 for air sparging. Annual Operating Cost: $475,000 $3 per 1,000 gallons of ground water treated. |
|
| Fort
Drum, Watertown, NY Remedial Project Manager |
Air Sparging, Free product recovery and GAC | Ground water | Full-scale remediation to recover free-phase petroleum product using ground water extraction and air stripping and GAC | 2 recovery wells were installed and 2 GAC drums were used in series. | Total Capital Cost: $958,780; Total annual Operating Cost: $129,440. | ||
| Amcor
Precast, Ogden, UT Shelly Quick |
Density driven ground water air sparging and SVE | Soil and Ground water | Diesel and gasoline fuels TPH (51/190), benzene (1.3/4.7), toluene (2.4/9.4), ethylbenzene (0.78/2.7), total xylene (2.5/8.0), naphthalene (0.18/0.63). | In situ | 12 ground water sparging wells, 3 downgradient extraction wells, and 3 vertical extraction wells were installed. | Total Capital Cost: $156.950, Total Annual Operating Cost: $62,750. | |
| DOE
Integrated Demo, DOE Savannah River Site, Aiken, GA Terry Walton |
Air Sparging. Organics in soil and ground water at nonarid sites | Soils, ground water at nonarid sites, emphasizing in situ remediation | Volatile organics such as TCE and PCE | Integrated demo includes many technologies - no specific parameters given | Directional well drilling precedes the in situ air stripping | Offgas treatments also being demonstrated | 16,000 lb of chlorinated solvents removed at Savannah River site during a 20-week test period. |
| Denison
Avenue Site, Cleveland, OH 1991 U.S. EPA Region 5 (312) 886-6143 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | BTEX | Gas Station | |||
| Wayne
Reclamation and Recycling, IN Duane Heaton (312) 886-6399 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | TCE, DCE, Vinyl Chloride, BTEX | Injection and extraction - In situ | Installation of injection wells. | Volatilization and vapor extraction. | Municipal Landfill, oil reclamation. In operational stage since June 1995. |
| Rochester
Property, SC Sherri Panabaker (404) 347-7791 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | TCE, Bis-2- ethylhexyl- phthalate | Disposal site. Average depth of treatment approximately 30 ft. Project is in operational stage. | |||
| Fairchild
AFB, Priority 1 Ous (OU 2) FT-, WA Cami Grandinetti (206) 553-8696 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | BTEX | Vapor extraction system installed in conjunction with an air injection well. | Volatilization and vapor extraction | Fire training area. Pilot system is in place; may change full-scale design. | |
| South
Municipal Water Supply Well, NH Roger Duwart (617) 573-9628 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | PCE, TCA, TCE | Ball bearing manufacturing. Installed. Average depth of treatment approximately 20 feet. | |||
| Applied
Environmental Services, OU 1, NY Gerald Ridder (518) 457-0927 Jon Maria (212) 637-3967 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | Non-halogenated VOCs, Halogenated VOCs, Non-halogenated SVOCs, PAHs, BTEX | In situ | Bulk petroleum and hazardous waste storage facility, fuel blending. Operational as of June 1995. Completion date unknown. | ||
| Mystery
Bridge Road/Highway 20, OU 2, WY Dan Thorton (303) 312-6215 |
Air Sparging | Ground water | Benzene, Ethyl benzene, Xylenes | 54 wells operated 8 to 15 at a time, 120 cfm, 0.7 - 1.0 inches of water. | Off-gas vented to atmosphere under WDEQ discharge permit. | Natural gas compressor station. Depth of treatment approximately 20 ft. Benzene - 9 ug/l to 0.0004 ug/l, ethyl benzene - 0.003 ug/l, and xylenes - 0.008 ug/l. Had to swab wells frequently because of plugging. | |
| Installation Restoration (IR) Site 11, NAS Northern Island, San Diego, CA | Terra Vac pilot SVE/ Air Sparging/ Catalytic Oxidation Systemging | Soil | Up to 250 pounds (33 gallons) per day of VOCs was effectively removed from the vadose zone and subsequently destroyed. | ||||
| NAS
Fallon, NV 1994 U.S. Navy, Public Works Department (702) 426-2772 |
Bioslurping | Ground water | TPH | Fuel Farm | |||
| Island
of San Diego Garcia AFCEE/PA 3207 North Road Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5363 Tel: (210) 536-4228 |
Bioslurping | Ground water | Fuel (JP-5) | It has pulled out over 2,000 gallons of fuel during the first month of operation and about 1,000 gallons every month | In situ | Total cost of the system including installation was $60,000 | |
| Naval
Air Station, Fallon, Nevada NFESC, 560 Center Drive., Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4301 |
Bioslurping | Ground water | Fuel (JP-5) | An average of 24 gallons of fuel per day during operation, with a maximum removal rate of 60 gallons per day. Ground water removal has averaged 0.46 gallons per minute | In situ | Removed 6,500 gallons of Fuel in 1993 | |
| Dry
Cleaning Facilities, Hutchinson, KS
1997 Douglas Dreiling 316-941-3921 Leo G. Henning 785-296-191 |
Chemical
Oxidation
Burns & McDonnell Wichita, KS Kansas Kansas Dept. of Health & Env.
|
Ground water | PCE | In situ | In Situ Chemical Treatment: Technology Evaluation Report GWRTAC TE-99-01 (p 35) | ||
| Keesler
AFB, MS
1997 James R. Gonzales 210-536-4324 james.gonzales@hqafcee.brooks.af.mil |
In
situ air stripping with horizontal wells
AFCEE/ERT Technology Transfer Div. 3207 North Rd.—Bldg. 532 Brooks AFB, TX 78235 |
Ground water | Ground water | In situ | Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Ground-Water Circulation Wells EPA 542-R-98-009 (p 6) | ||
| Dry
Cleaning Facilities, Hutchinson, KS
1997 Douglas Dreiling 316-941-3921 |
In
situ air stripping with horizontal wells
Burns & McDonnell 3839 Dora Wichita, KS 67213
|
Ground water | PCE | In situ | Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Ground-Water Circulation Wells EPA 542-R-98-009 (p 28) | ||
| DOE
Demo Savannah River Site, SC 7/90-12/90 Mike O'Rear |
In situ air stripping with horizontal wells | Soil & ground water | TCE & PCE Initial concen- trations: 5,000 ppm; stabilized to 200-300 ppm | In situ (horizontal wells) Extraction average 110 lb of VOCs/day |
Air injection below aquifer - air extraction above. | Off-gas stream | $20/lb contaminant removed. |
| DOE
Demo, Seattle, WA DOE; Michael Lubrecht, Marketing Manager, FlowMole Environmental Services Corp., Kent, WA; Hart Crowser, Seattle, WA (Consulting firm) |
Directional Wells | Ground water | Chlorinated solvents: Tetrachloro- ethylene | Two 100 mm diameter stainless-steel, pre-packed ground water extraction wells. | In situ | Sent to on-site treatment facilities. | A 50 mm diameter, pipe-based well screen inside a 100 mm wire-wrapped screen, with graded silica sand filling the annulus between the screens. This allowed excellent filtatration but difficult installation due to stiffness. TCE - 500 to 1000 ppm. |
| Buchanan,
MI 1994 Billings & Associates (505) 345-1116 National Risk Management Research Laboratory (513) 569-7797 |
Subsurface Volitization & Ventilation System | Ground water | BTEX, PCE, TCE | ||||
| March
Air Force Base, CA 1995 Michelle Simon (513) 569-7676 Jeff Bannon (818) 596-6900 |
UVB - Vacuum Vaporizing Well | Ground water | TCE - >94% removal, DCE | The UVB system consists of a ground water well, a negative pressure stripping reactor, an aboveground mounted blower, and a waste air decontami- nation system. | DCE's removal was not established due to a very low concentration (<4 ug/L). | ||
| Lockheed
Aeronautical Systems Co. Burbank, CA David Bluestein (415) 227-0822 |
Dual Phase
Extraction AWD AquaDetox/ SVE System |
Soil & Ground water | 2.2 ppm TCE; 11 ppm PCE; 6,000 ppm total VOC soil gas. Attained 98-99.99 % removal | In situ | $3.2-5.8M capital; <$1.5M yearly O&M. |
||
| Major Car
Rental Agency, Los Angeles, CA Terra Vac Corporation, James Keegan (714) 252-8900 |
Dual Vacuum Extraction (Dual Phase Extraction) | Ground water, Soil | Hydrocarbons, TPH | Vadose zone soil permeability range of 0.001 to >100 millidarcies | Vacuum extraction well includes a screened section in the vadose zone of contaminated soils and ground water. | Hydrocarbon product - disposed, re-used, or purified and then re-used. | Hydrocarbons - removal of 17,000 lbs., TPH - up to 1,400 ppm. Operation completed in 8 months. Cost - $85K to $500K. |
| Navy Fuel
Farm Mike Radecki |
Free product recovery | Ground water | 0.5-2.5 ft free product. | Captured in pit and pumped out with skimmers and french drains | $300,000 | ||
| Privately
Owned Gasoline Station Near Urban Drinking Water Source Connecticut
DEP |
Free product recovery | Ground water | Gasoline, BTEX | Immediate response from recovery wells and air stripping | |||
| Navy
Demo Seal Beach Navy Weapons Station, CA 1991 Vern Novstrup Rebecca Coleman-Roush |
Ground water vapor recovery system | Ground water | VOCs | In situ - air permitting | Injection & extraction wells are placed inside and outside of contami- nation area | Waste hydrocarbons to internal combustion engine | Treatment requires combustible contaminants.
Air permits may be required. Capital - $70K to $100K. |
| McClellan AFB | Pilot-scale fluid/vapor extraction demonstration. | Soil & Ground water | VOCs. 1,200 lbs/year for contaminants removal. | In situ | 95% of the ground water VOCs were transferred to vapor phase. | $160 per pound. | |
| EPA
Demo San Fernando Valley Ground water Basin Superfund Site, CA 1990 Norma Lewis |
Integrated vapor extraction & steam vacuum stripping | Soil & ground water | Initial concentration: up to 2.2 ppm TCE up to 11 ppm PCE Removal: |
Ground water: 1,200 gpm Soil gas: |
Ground water: Steam stripping in tower Soil: SVE |
Carbon should be regenerated every 8 hours | Operating for more than 3 years. |
| Airfield,
Lemoore, CA 1994 (805) 982-4191 |
Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction | Ground water | JP-5 (Jet Fuel) | ||||
| EPA
Demo Huntington Beach, CA Paul dePercin |
Hot Water or Steam Flushing/ Stripping | 45,000 yd³ of soil & goundwater | Diesel fuel, TPH, and TRPH 20-40% removal attained |
In situ | results not good, probably because of poor application rather than technology delivery ineffective- ness | About $40/yd³ | |
| EPA
SITE demo Pennsylvania Power & Light Stroudsburg, PA Eugene Harris |
Hot Water or Steam Flushing/ Stripping with CROW | ||||||
| Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory Gasoline Spill Site Livermore, CA Kathy Kaufman |
Hot Water or Steam Flushing/ Stripping | Ground water | Benzene level in soil greater than 50 ppm. Over 7,600 gallons of gasoline removed during demonstration. | In situ | 6 steam injection/ electrical heating wells, 3 electrical heating wells, 3 ground water and vapor extraction wells were installed. | Total Treatment Cost: $8,740,000; Before- treatment Cost: $1,700,000 | |
| Xerox
Facility Oak Brook, IL |
Hydro- fracturing | Soil & Ground water | VOCs | In Situ | SVE of organic solvents. 10 times increase in vapor extraction; 30 times increase in area covered; pore water infiltration decreased | $950 - 1,425 per fracture | |
| UST site, Dayton, OH | Hydro- fracturing | Soil & Ground water | BTEX | In Situ | In situ bio- remediation of BTEX/UST site. 100 times increase in water flow; 75% increase in bio- remediation rate | ||
| Fuel
Dispensing Area 1595, Watertwon, NY 1994 Fort Drum Environmental Division, Watertown, NY |
Ground water Extraction & Air Stripping | Ground water | BTEX | Underground Storage Tanks | |||
| Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory 1993 (510)422-2646 UCA, Office of Tech Transfer (510) 748-6595 |
Dynamic Underground Stripping | Groundwater | BTEX, FHC, Benzene | Gasoline Spill Site, Underground Storage Tanks | |||
| Site
Demo March AFB, CA Michelle Simon |
In-Well Air Strippings: air lift pumping, in situ vapor stripping, and air sparging | Soil & Ground water | 30 ppb TCE at well inlet Attained < 1 ppb of TCE |
In Situ | |||
| Installation Restoration (IR) Site 9, NAS Northern Island, San Diego, CA | EG&G NoVOCsTM in-well stripping technology | Ground water | |||||
| Savannah
River Site, GA 1994 National Risk Management Research Laboratory (513) 569-7631 |
High-Energy Electron Irradiation | Ground water | Chlorinated Solvents and Fuels | ||||
| Westinghouse
Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC
1997 Mark Phifer 803-725-5222 mark.phifer@srs.gov |
Passive
Treatment Wall
Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Aiken, SC |
Ground water | TCE, cDCE, CT, NO(III) | In Situ | TNX GeoSiphon Cell Phase I Deployment/Demonstration WSRC-TR-98-00032 | ||
| Former
Plating Facility, NY
1997 Diane Clark 315-655-8161 diane.clark@stearnswheler.coom |
Passive
Treatment Wall
Stearns & Wheler One Remington Park Dr. Cazenovia, NY 13035 |
Ground water | TCE, cDCE, VC | In Situ | Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers EPA 542-R-99-002 (p 37) | ||
| Lowry
AFB, CO
1997 William A. Gallant 303-452-5700 gallabil@versar.com |
Passive
Treatment Wall
Versar, Inc. 11990 Grant St., Ste. 500 Northglenn, CO 80233 |
Ground water | TCE | In Situ | Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers EPA 542-R-99-002 (p 27) | ||
| NAS
Moffett Field, CA
1997 Charles Reeter 805-982-4991 reetercv@nfesc.navy.mil |
Passive
Treatment Wall
U.S. Navy - NFESC 1100 23rd. Ave., Code 411 Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4370 |
Ground water | TCE, PCE, DCE | In Situ | “Permeable Reactive Wall Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater: NAS Moffett Field, Mountain View, California,” After the Rain Has Fallen: 2nd International Water Resources Engineering Conference. 1998. (p 153-158) | ||
| Tonolli
Corporation, PA (Battery Recycling/ Disposal) Linda Dietz, USEPA, 215-597-6986 |
Passive Treatment Wall | Ground water | Heavy Metals: Lead | ||||
| Lowry
Air Force Base, CO Richard Muza (EPA Region 8) (303) 312-6595 |
Iron Reactive Walls | Ground water | Trichloro- ethylene (1,260 ppb | A subsurface wall of iron filings through which the contaminant plume migrates under natural ground-water flow | Degradation products - ethene, ethane, and methane | An estimated potential porosity loss of 13 to 14 percent per year due to carbonate and hydroxide precipitate formation. | |
| Somersworth
Sanitary Landfill Site, NH (Industrial Landfill/ Municipal Landfill) Roger Duwart, USEPA, 617-573-9628 |
Passive Treatment Wall | Ground water | Non- halogenated volatiles | ||||
| Brown's
Battery Breaking Site, OU 2, PA (Battery Recycling/ Disposal) Richard Watman, USEPA, 215-597-8996 |
Passive Treatment Wall (limestone barrier) | Ground water | Heavy metals: Lead | ||||
| Tonolli Corporation | Permeable
Reaction Wall
|
Ground water | Lead Cadmium Arsenic Zinc Copper |
Trench
Limestone
|
Operational | ||
| Somersworth
Sanitary Landfill |
Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | Trichlorethene
(0.005 mg/L) Vinyl Chloride (0.005 mg/L) |
Funnel
and Gate
Zero-Valent Iron |
Operational | ||
| Rocky Flats Plant (USDOE) - Buffer Zone | Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | Carbon
Tetrachloride Tetrachloroethene Trichloroethene |
Funnel
and Gate
Zero-Valent Iron |
Operational | ||
| Monticello Mill Tailings (USDOE) - Operable Unit 3 | Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | Arsenic (0.05
mg/L) Molybdenum (0.183 mg/L) Radium 226 (5 pCi/L) Selenium (0.05 mg/L) Uranium (1.1 mg/L) |
Funnel
and Gate
Zero-Valent Iron |
Operational | ||
| Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (NW Lagoon) - Operable Unit 3 | Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | 1,1-Dichloroethene
(0.007 mg/L) Trichloroethene (0.005 mg/L) Vinyl Chloride (0.002 mg/L) |
Funnel
and Gate
Zero-Valent Iron |
Operational | ||
| F.E. Wareen Air Force Base - Operable Unit 2 | Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | Trichloroethene | Operational | |||
| Brown’s Battery Breaking Site | Permeable
Reaction Wall
|
Ground water | Beryllium
(1.9x10-4 mg/L) Cadmium (8.8x10-4 mg/L) Lead (<0.003 mg/L) Manganese (0.05 mg/L) Nickle (0.0029 mg/L) Sulfate (0.027 mg/L) |
Calcium
Hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide |
Design | ||
| Arrowhead Associates/Scovill Corporation | Permeable
Reaction Wall
Trench |
Ground water | Chromium Cyanide |
Zero-Valent
Iron Design |
Design | ||
| Uranium
Mine Tailings Site, Fry Canyon, UT
1999 David L. Naftz 801-975-3389 dlnaftz@usgs.gov |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
USGS District Office - Salt Lake City, UT
|
Ground water | U | In Situ | |||
| Bodo
Canyon Disposal Cell Mill Tailings Site, Durango, CO
1999 Brian Dwyer 505-845-9894 BPDwyer@sandia.gov |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
Sandia National Laboratory Albuquerque, NM |
Ground water | U, As, Se, Zn, Ra-226, Mo, Mn | In Situ | “In Situ Remediation of Uranium Contaminated Groundwater,” Containment 1997 DE98-001967 (p 835-843) | ||
| Launch
Complex B, Cape Canaveral Air Center, FL
1999 Major Edward Marchand 210-536-4364 |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
U.S. Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence Brooks AFB, TX |
Ground water | TCE, DCE, VC | In Situ | Permeable Reactive Barrier Installation Profiles www.rtdf.org/ | ||
| Westing-
house Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC
1998 Mark Phifer 803-725-5222 mark.phifer@srs.gov |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Aiken, SC |
Ground water | TCE, cDCE, CT, NO(III) | In Situ | TNX GeoSiphon Cell (TGSC-1) Phase II Single Cell Deployment/ Demonstration Final Report WSRC-TR-98-00432 | ||
| X-231A
Site, Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, OH
1998 R.L. Siegrist rsiegris@mines.edu |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
ORNL/Colorado School of Mines |
Ground water | NAPLs, DNAPLs | In Situ | X-231A: A Demonstration of In-Situ Remediation of DNAPL Compounds in Low Permeability Media by Soil Fracturing with Thermally Enhanced Mass Recovery or Reactive Barrier Destruction: Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids ORNL/TM-13534 | ||
| LEAP
Permeable Barrier Demonstration Facility, Portland, OR
1998 Robert Bowman 505-835-5992 bowman@nmt.edu |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
New Mexico Tech Socorro, NM |
Ground water | PCE, Cr(VI) | In Situ | Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers EPA 542-R-99-002 (p 39) | ||
| 100
HR-3 Operable Unit, Hanford Reservation, WA
1998 John Fruchter, PI 509-376-3937 js_fruchter@pnl.gov |
Permeable
Reaction Wall
PNNL |
Ground water | Cr(VI) | In Situ | In Situ Redox Manipulation [fact sheet] | ||
| Canadian
Forces Base, Canada 1993 Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research (519) 885-1211 Centre for Excellence (416) 323-4476 |
Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | TCE, PCE, DCE | ||||
| Borden
Aquifer, Canada 1994 Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research (519) 885-1211 Centre for Excellence (416) 323-4476 |
Permeable Reaction Wall | Ground water | BTEX, Benzene and Toluene | ||||
| Air
Force Demo Hill AFB, UT Maj. Mark Smith USAF |
"Funnel and Gate" Passive Treatment Wall | Ground water | |||||
| Los
Alamos National Laboratory Ken Bostick |
Passive
Treatment Wall Barriers and post-closure monitoring completion |
Ground water | $1.2M cap. $670K O&M in FY93 |
Sources: Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report ( Eighth and Tenth Editions, Nov. 1996 and Feb. 2001). Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Scale Demonstration Projects in North America (1st and 2nd Editions, Aug 1996 and Jun 2000).