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Appendix D

FRTR Field Sampling and Analysis Guide

FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS MATRIX: FIELD SAMPLING AND COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Italics   Most commonly used field techniques from Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Techniques  EPA 625-R-93-003

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Technique / Instrumentation

  

 MEDIA
3  ACCESS TOOLS
3.1   Drilling Methods - Unconsolidated Formations
3.1.1  Hollow-Stem Auger All NA III No
3.1.2  Direct Mud Rotary All NA III No
3.1.3  Directional Drilling All NA III No
3.1.4  Solid Flight and Bucket Augers All NA III No
3.1.5  Jetting Methods 2, 4-6, 10, 11 NA III No
3.1.6  Sonic Drilling All NA II No
3.2  Drilling Methods - Consolidated Formations
3.2.1  Direct Air Rotary with Rotary Bit / Downhole Hammer 2, 4-6, 10, 11 NA III No
3.2.2  Cable Tool 2, 4-6, 10, 11 NA III No
3.2.3  Rotary Diamond Drilling 2, 4-6, 10, 11 NA III No
3.3  Drive Methods
3.3.1  Cone Penetrometer All NA III No
3.3.2  Direct Push Sampler All NA II No
3.4  Sampling Installations for Portable Samplers
3.4.1  Driven Wells All NA NA III No
3.4.2  Single Riser / Limited Interval Wells All NA NA III No
3.4.3  Nested Wells / Single Borehole All NA NA II No
3.4.4  Nested Wells / Multiple Boreholes All NA NA II No
3.5  Portable In-Situ Ground Water Samplers / Sensors
3.5.1  Direct Drive Samplers All NA II No
3.5.2  Passive Multilayer Samplers 1, 3 NA NA II No
3.6  Fixed In-Situ Samplers
3.6.1  Multilevel Capsule Samplers All NA NA II No
3.6.2  Multiple-Port Casings All NA NA II No
3.6.3  Passive Multilayer Samplers 1, 3 NA NA II No
3.7  Destructive Sampling Methods
3.7.1  Coring and Extraction All NA NA II No
3.7.2  Temporary Installations All NA NA III No
4   COLLECTION TOOLS
4.1  Hand-Held Methods
4.1.1  Scoops, Spoons, and Shovels All NA NA NA III No
4.1.2  Augers All NA III No
4.1.3  Tubes All NA NA NA III No
4.2  Power-Driven Soil Samplers
4.2.1 Split and Solid Barrel All NA NA NA III No
4.2.2 Rotating Core 2, 4-6, 10, 11 NA NA NA II No
4.2.3 Thin-Wall Open Tube All NA NA NA III No
4.2.4  Thin-Wall Piston / Specialized Thin Wall All NA NA NA III No
4.3  Portable Positive Displacement
4.3.1  Bladder Pump All NA NA III No
4.3.2  Gear Pump All NA NA I No
4.3.3  Submersible Helical Rotor Pump All NA NA I No
4.3.4  Gas-Driven Displacement Pumps All NA NA III No
4.3.5  Gas-Driven Piston Pumps All NA NA II No
4.4  Other Portable Ground Water Sampling Pumps
4.4.1  Suction-Lift Pumps (peristaltic) All NA NA III No
4.4.2  Submersible Centrifugal Pump All NA NA III No
4.4.3  Inertial-Lift Pumps All NA NA II No
4.5  Portable Grab Samplers
4.5.1  Bailer All NA NA III No
4.5.2  Pneumatic Depth-Specific Samplers All NA NA II No
4.5.3  Mechanical depth-Specific Samplers All NA NA III No
4.6  Extractive Collection Methods
4.6.1  Soil Water Extraction All NA II No
4.6.2  Sorbent Devices All NA NA III No
4.6.3  Biological Indicators All NA II No
4.7  Gas / Air Collection Methods
4.7.1  Soil Gas Sampling (static) 1, 3 NA NA NA III No
4.7.2  Soil Gas Probes 1, 3 NA NA NA III No
4.7.3  Air Sampling Devices 1, 3 NA NA NA NA III No NA
5   EXTRACTION METHODS
5.1  Solvent Extraction 1-7, 10, 11 NA NA II No
5.2  Thermal Digestion 7-9 NA NA II No
5.3  Thermal Extraction / Desorption 2, 4, 5 NA NA II No
5.4  Purge and Trap 1, 3 NA NA III No
5.5  Headspace 1, 3 NA III No
5.6  Supercritical Fluid Extraction 2, 4, 5, 10 NA NA I No
5.7  Membrane Extraction 1, 3 NA NA I No
5.8  Sorbent Extraction 1-10 NA NA II No

Legend

Media Minimum impact Moderate impact Maximum impact
NA Not applicable
Maximum Depth 100 feet plus Up to 100 feet Up to 25 feet
Production Rate Available quickly Available im short amount of time Available after an extended wait
Investigation Derived Waste Volume Small Medium Large
Technology Status III Commercially available and routinely used field technology
II Commercially available technology with moderate field experience
I Commercially available technology with limited field experience
Certification / Validation Yes Technology has participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
No Technology has not participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
Relative Cost per Sample Least expensive Mid-range expensive Most expensive

Analytes

1- Non-halogenated volatile organics 5- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 9- Other inorganics (asbestos, cyanide, fluorine)
2- Non-halogenated semivolatile organics 6- Pesticides / Herbicides 10- Explosives
3- Halogenated volatile organics 7- Metals 11- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
4- Halogenated semivolatile organics 8- Radionuclides 12- Specific analyte (named in matrix)
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