FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS MATRIX: FIELD SAMPLING AND COLLECTION TECHNIQUES | |||||||||||
Italics Most commonly used field techniques from
Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Techniques EPA 625-R-93-003 See Legend below for explanation, or switch to the text-based version if this loads too slowly. Technique / Instrumentation |
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MEDIA | |||||||||
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3 ACCESS TOOLS | |||||||||||
3.1 Drilling Methods - Unconsolidated Formations | |||||||||||
3.1.1 Hollow-Stem Auger | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.1.2 Direct Mud Rotary | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.1.3 Directional Drilling | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.1.4 Solid Flight and Bucket Augers | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.1.5 Jetting Methods | 2, 4-6, 10, 11 | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.1.6 Sonic Drilling | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.2 Drilling Methods - Consolidated Formations | |||||||||||
3.2.1 Direct Air Rotary with Rotary Bit / Downhole Hammer | 2, 4-6, 10, 11 | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.2.2 Cable Tool | 2, 4-6, 10, 11 | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.2.3 Rotary Diamond Drilling | 2, 4-6, 10, 11 | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.3 Drive Methods | |||||||||||
3.3.1 Cone Penetrometer | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.3.2 Direct Push Sampler | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.4 Sampling Installations for Portable Samplers | |||||||||||
3.4.1 Driven Wells | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.4.2 Single Riser / Limited Interval Wells | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
3.4.3 Nested Wells / Single Borehole | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.4.4 Nested Wells / Multiple Boreholes | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.5 Portable In-Situ Ground Water Samplers / Sensors | |||||||||||
3.5.1 Direct Drive Samplers | All | NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.5.2 Passive Multilayer Samplers | 1, 3 | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.6 Fixed In-Situ Samplers | |||||||||||
3.6.1 Multilevel Capsule Samplers | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.6.2 Multiple-Port Casings | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.6.3 Passive Multilayer Samplers | 1, 3 | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.7 Destructive Sampling Methods | |||||||||||
3.7.1 Coring and Extraction | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
3.7.2 Temporary Installations | All | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4 COLLECTION TOOLS | |||||||||||
4.1 Hand-Held Methods | |||||||||||
4.1.1 Scoops, Spoons, and Shovels | All | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.1.2 Augers | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.1.3 Tubes | All | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.2 Power-Driven Soil Samplers | |||||||||||
4.2.1 Split and Solid Barrel | All | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.2.2 Rotating Core | 2, 4-6, 10, 11 | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.2.3 Thin-Wall Open Tube | All | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.2.4 Thin-Wall Piston / Specialized Thin Wall | All | ![]() |
NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.3 Portable Positive Displacement | |||||||||||
4.3.1 Bladder Pump | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.3.2 Gear Pump | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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I | No | ![]() |
4.3.3 Submersible Helical Rotor Pump | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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I | No | ![]() |
4.3.4 Gas-Driven Displacement Pumps | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.3.5 Gas-Driven Piston Pumps | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.4 Other Portable Ground Water Sampling Pumps | |||||||||||
4.4.1 Suction-Lift Pumps (peristaltic) | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.4.2 Submersible Centrifugal Pump | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.4.3 Inertial-Lift Pumps | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.5 Portable Grab Samplers | |||||||||||
4.5.1 Bailer | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.5.2 Pneumatic Depth-Specific Samplers | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.5.3 Mechanical depth-Specific Samplers | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.6 Extractive Collection Methods | |||||||||||
4.6.1 Soil Water Extraction | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.6.2 Sorbent Devices | All | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.6.3 Biological Indicators | All | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
4.7 Gas / Air Collection Methods | |||||||||||
4.7.1 Soil Gas Sampling (static) | 1, 3 | NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.7.2 Soil Gas Probes | 1, 3 | NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
4.7.3 Air Sampling Devices | 1, 3 | NA | NA | NA | ![]() |
NA | ![]() |
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III | No | NA |
5 EXTRACTION METHODS | |||||||||||
5.1 Solvent Extraction | 1-7, 10, 11 | ![]() |
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NA | NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
5.2 Thermal Digestion | 7-9 | ![]() |
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NA | NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
5.3 Thermal Extraction / Desorption | 2, 4, 5 | ![]() |
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NA | NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
5.4 Purge and Trap | 1, 3 | ![]() |
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NA | NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
5.5 Headspace | 1, 3 | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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III | No | ![]() |
5.6 Supercritical Fluid Extraction | 2, 4, 5, 10 | ![]() |
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NA | NA | ![]() |
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I | No | ![]() |
5.7 Membrane Extraction | 1, 3 | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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I | No | ![]() |
5.8 Sorbent Extraction | 1-10 | NA | ![]() |
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NA | ![]() |
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II | No | ![]() |
Media | ![]() |
Minimum impact | ![]() |
Moderate impact | ![]() |
Maximum impact |
NA | Not applicable | |||||
Maximum Depth | ![]() |
100 feet plus | ![]() |
Up to 100 feet | ![]() |
Up to 25 feet |
Production Rate | ![]() |
Available quickly | ![]() |
Available im short amount of time | ![]() |
Available after an extended wait |
Investigation Derived Waste Volume | ![]() |
Small | ![]() |
Medium | ![]() |
Large |
Technology Status | III | Commercially available and routinely used field technology | ||||
II | Commercially available technology with moderate field experience | |||||
I | Commercially available technology with limited field experience | |||||
Certification / Validation | Yes | Technology has participated
in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program |
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No | Technology has not participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program | |||||
Relative Cost per Sample | ![]() |
Least expensive | ![]() |
Mid-range expensive | ![]() |
Most expensive |
1- Non-halogenated volatile organics | 5- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) | 9- Other inorganics (asbestos, cyanide, fluorine) |
2- Non-halogenated semivolatile organics | 6- Pesticides / Herbicides | 10- Explosives |
3- Halogenated volatile organics | 7- Metals | 11- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons |
4- Halogenated semivolatile organics | 8- Radionuclides | 12- Specific analyte (named in matrix) |
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