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Appendix D

FRTR Field Sampling and Analysis Guide

FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS MATRIX: FIELD SAMPLING AND COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Italics   Most commonly used field techniques from Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Techniques  EPA 625-R-93-003

See Legend below for explanation, or switch to the gif-based version (may be VERY slow to load!) if you see l, n, and D instead of squares, circles, and triangles in the matrix below.

Technique / Instrumentation

  

 MEDIA
3  ACCESS TOOLS
3.1   Drilling Methods - Unconsolidated Formations
3.1.1  Hollow-Stem Auger All n l NA D l l D III No l
3.1.2  Direct Mud Rotary All l D NA D n l D III No l
3.1.3  Directional Drilling All l l NA D l l D III No D
3.1.4  Solid Flight and Bucket Augers All n D NA D l l D III No l
3.1.5  Jetting Methods 2, 4-6, 10, 11 D D NA D l n D III No n
3.1.6  Sonic Drilling All n l NA D n n n II No D
3.2  Drilling Methods - Consolidated Formations
3.2.1  Direct Air Rotary with Rotary Bit / Downhole Hammer 2, 4-6, 10, 11 n l NA D n l D III No l
3.2.2  Cable Tool 2, 4-6, 10, 11 n l NA D n D l III No l
3.2.3  Rotary Diamond Drilling 2, 4-6, 10, 11 n l NA D n D D III No D
3.3  Drive Methods
3.3.1  Cone Penetrometer All n n NA n l n n III No l
3.3.2  Direct Push Sampler All n l NA l l n n II No n
3.4  Sampling Installations for Portable Samplers
3.4.1  Driven Wells All NA n NA l l n n III No n
3.4.2  Single Riser / Limited Interval Wells All NA n NA l l n D III No l
3.4.3  Nested Wells / Single Borehole All NA n NA l l D D II No l
3.4.4  Nested Wells / Multiple Boreholes All NA n NA l l D D II No l
3.5  Portable In-Situ Ground Water Samplers / Sensors
3.5.1  Direct Drive Samplers All NA n n l l l n II No n
3.5.2  Passive Multilayer Samplers 1, 3 NA n NA n l l n II No n
3.6  Fixed In-Situ Samplers
3.6.1  Multilevel Capsule Samplers All NA n NA l l l l II No l
3.6.2  Multiple-Port Casings All NA n NA l l l l II No n
3.6.3  Passive Multilayer Samplers 1, 3 NA n NA n l l n II No n
3.7  Destructive Sampling Methods
3.7.1  Coring and Extraction All NA n NA l l l l II No n
3.7.2  Temporary Installations All NA n NA l l l l III No n
4   COLLECTION TOOLS
4.1  Hand-Held Methods
4.1.1  Scoops, Spoons, and Shovels All n NA NA NA D n n III No n
4.1.2  Augers All n D NA D D n n III No n
4.1.3  Tubes All n NA NA NA D n n III No n
4.2  Power-Driven Soil Samplers
4.2.1 Split and Solid Barrel All n NA NA NA D n n III No n
4.2.2 Rotating Core 2, 4-6, 10, 11 n NA NA NA D l l II No l
4.2.3 Thin-Wall Open Tube All n NA NA NA D n n III No l
4.2.4  Thin-Wall Piston / Specialized Thin Wall All n NA NA NA D n n III No l
4.3  Portable Positive Displacement
4.3.1  Bladder Pump All NA n n NA n n l III No l
4.3.2  Gear Pump All NA n n NA l l l I No l
4.3.3  Submersible Helical Rotor Pump All NA n n NA l l l I No D
4.3.4  Gas-Driven Displacement Pumps All NA n n NA l l l III No n
4.3.5  Gas-Driven Piston Pumps All NA n n NA n l l II No D
4.4  Other Portable Ground Water Sampling Pumps
4.4.1  Suction-Lift Pumps (peristaltic) All NA n n NA D l l III No n
4.4.2  Submersible Centrifugal Pump All NA n n NA n l l III No D
4.4.3  Inertial-Lift Pumps All NA n n NA l l l II No n
4.5  Portable Grab Samplers
4.5.1  Bailer All NA n n NA n l D III No n
4.5.2  Pneumatic Depth-Specific Samplers All NA n n NA n l n II No l
4.5.3  Mechanical depth-Specific Samplers All NA n n NA n l D III No n
4.6  Extractive Collection Methods
4.6.1  Soil Water Extraction All n D D NA l D n II No l
4.6.2  Sorbent Devices All NA n n n NA l n III No n
4.6.3  Biological Indicators All n n n n NA D l II No l
4.7  Gas / Air Collection Methods
4.7.1  Soil Gas Sampling (static) 1, 3 NA NA NA n D l n III No n
4.7.2  Soil Gas Probes 1, 3 NA NA NA n l n n III No n
4.7.3  Air Sampling Devices 1, 3 NA NA NA n NA l n III No NA
5   EXTRACTION METHODS
5.1  Solvent Extraction 1-7, 10, 11 n l l NA NA l D II No l
5.2  Thermal Digestion 7-9 n n n NA NA n l II No l
5.3  Thermal Extraction / Desorption 2, 4, 5 n n n NA NA n l II No l
5.4  Purge and Trap 1, 3 n n n NA NA n l III No l
5.5  Headspace 1, 3 l l l n NA n l III No n
5.6  Supercritical Fluid Extraction 2, 4, 5, 10 n l l NA NA n l I No D
5.7  Membrane Extraction 1, 3 NA n n n NA n n I No l
5.8  Sorbent Extraction 1-10 NA n n n NA n n II No n

Legend

Media n Minimum impact l Moderate impact D Maximum impact
NA Not applicable
Maximum Depth n 100 feet plus l Up to 100 feet D Up to 25 feet
Production Rate n Available quickly l Available im short amount of time D Available after an extended wait
Investigation Derived Waste Volume n Small l Medium D Large
Technology Status III Commercially available and routinely used field technology
II Commercially available technology with moderate field experience
I Commercially available technology with limited field experience
Certification / Validation Yes Technology has participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
No Technology has not participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
Relative Cost per Sample n Least expensive l Mid-range expensive D Most expensive

Analytes

1- Non-halogenated volatile organics 5- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 9- Other inorganics (asbestos, cyanide, fluorine)
2- Non-halogenated semivolatile organics 6- Pesticides / Herbicides 10- Explosives
3- Halogenated volatile organics 7- Metals 11- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
4- Halogenated semivolatile organics 8- Radionuclides 12- Specific analyte (named in matrix)
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