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Appendix E

FRTR Field Sampling and Analysis Guide

FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES MATRIX: SAMPLE ANALYSIS TOOLS
Italics   Most commonly used field techniques from Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring Techniques  EPA 625-R-93-003

See Legend below for explanation, or switch to the gif-based version (may be VERY slow to load!) if you see l, n, and D instead of squares, circles, and triangles in the matrix below.

Technique / Instrumentation

   Media   Applicable To  
analytes.gif (1068 bytes) soilsed.gif (1172 bytes) water.gif (1023 bytes) gas_air.gif (1054 bytes) selectivity.gif (1097 bytes) susceptibility.gif (1383 bytes) limits.gif (1185 bytes) time.gif (1372 bytes) screen.gif (1176 bytes) quantify.gif (1311 bytes) perform.gif (1287 bytes) monitor.gif (1282 bytes) quant.gif (1356 bytes) status.gif (1230 bytes) cert_val.gif (1302 bytes) costpera.gif (1347 bytes)
6  SAMPLE ANALYSIS TOOLS for VOCs, SVOCs, and Pesticides (e.g. TPH, PCBs)
6.1   In-Situ Analysis
6.1.1  Solid / Porous Fiber Optic 11 E n l l n l n n l n l l I No n
6.1.2  Laser Induced Fluorescence 5, 11 l n NA l l l n n l n l l III Yes n
6.2   Ex-Situ Analysis
6.2.1   Photo-Ionization Detector 1, 3 E E n l D l n n D n D D III No n
6.2.2   Flame-Ionization Detector 1-3 E E n l D n n n D n D D III No n
6.2.3  Explosimeter 1 E E n D D l n n D n D D III No n
6.2.4  Gas chromatography (GC) plus detector 1-6, 11 E E n n n n l n n n n n III No l
6.2.5  Catalytic Surface Oxidation 1,3 E E n l l l n n l n n D III No n
6.2.6  Detector Tubes 1,3 E E n l l l n n D n D D III No n
6.2.7  Mass Spectrometry (MS) 1-6 E E n n l l l l n n l n II No D
6.2.8  GC / MS 1-6 E E n n n n D n n n l n III Yes D
6.2.9  GC/Ion Trap MS 1-6 E E n n n n l l n n l n II No D
6.2.10  Ion Trap MS 1-6 E E n n l n l n n n n n II No D
6.2.11  Ion Mobility Spectrometer 1-4, 6 E E n n l n n n l n l n II No l
6.2.12  Ultraviolet (UV) Fluorescence 1, 3, 5 l n l D l n l n l n n l II No l
6.2.13  Synchronous Luminescence/Fluorescence 1-4 E n l l l n l n l n n l I No l
6.2.14  UV-Visible Spectrophotometry 1, 3, 5 E n l D D n n n l n n l I No l
6.2.15  Infrared Spectroscopy 1-4 E E n l D l n n l n n l II No l
6.2.16  Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 1, 3, 11 E E n n l n n n l n n l II No l
6.2.17   Scattering / Absorption LIDAR 1, 3 E E n D D D n n l n n l I No l
6.2.18  Raman Spectroscopy/Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) 1-5, 11 E n E D D n n n l n n l II No l
6.2.19  Near IR Reflectance/Transmittance Spectroscopy 1, 3 n NA NA D D D n n l n n l I No l
6.2.20  Immunoassay Colorimetric Kits 1-6, 11 n n NA l l l n n l n l l II Yes n
6.2.21  Amperometric and Galvanic Cell Sensor 1, 3 E NA n n l n n n l n n l II No n
6.2.22  Semiconductor Sensors 1, 3 E n n l l n n n l n n l I No n
6.2.23  Piezoelectric Sensors 1, 3 E E n n D n n n l n n l I No n
6.2.24  Field Bioassessment 1-6 n n n D D NA D n n D l D II No D
6.2.25  Toxicity Tests 1-6 n n n D D NA l n n D n l II No n
6.2.26   Room-Temperature Phosphorimetry 4, 5, 6, 12 (PCBs) l n l n D n l n l n n l I No l
6.2.27  Chemical Colorimetric Kits 2, 4, 5, 11 l n NA l l l n n l n n l II No n
6.2.28  Free Product Sensors 11 NA n NA D n D n n n n n D III No n
6.2.29  Ground Penetration Radar 11 l D NA D D D D l n l l l I No l
6.2.30  Thin-Layer Chromatography 2 E n NA l l n l n n n n n II No D
7 SAMPLE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR METALS
7.1  EX-SITU ANALYSIS
7.1.1 Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectroscopy 7 E E n n n n D D n D l n I No D
7.1.2 Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) 7 E E n n n n l D n D l n I No D
7.1.3 X-Ray Fluorescence 7 n n E n n l n n l n l n III Yes n
7.1.4 Chemical Colorimetric Kits 7, 9 l n NA n l l l n l n n l II Yes n
7.1.5 Titrimetry Kits 7, 9 l n NA n l l l n l n n l III No n
7.1.6 Immunoassay Colorimetric Kits 7, 12 (Hg) n n NA l l n n n l n n l II Yes n
7.1.7 Anodic Stripping Voltammetry 7 E n NA n l n n l n n l n II No l
7.1.8 Fluorescence Spectrophotometry 7, 12 (Hg) E E n n l n n n n n n n II No l
7.1.9 Amperometric and Galvanic Cell Sensor 7 E n NA n l l n n l n n l II No n
7.1.10 Field Bioassessment 7, 9 n n n D D NA D n n D l D II No D
7.1.11 Toxicity Tests 7, 9 n n n D D NA l n n D n l II No n
7.1.12 Ion Chromatrography 7 E n NA l l n n n n n n n I No l
8 RADIONUCLIDES
8.1 IN-SITU ANALYSIS
8.1.1 Gamma Radiation 8 n n n n n n n n n n n D I No n
8.2 EX-SITU ANALYSIS
8.2.1 Radiation Detectors 8 n n n l n l n n n n n n III No n
8.2.2 Gamma Ray Spectrometry 8 n n n n n l n n n n n l III No D
8.2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 8 n n n n l D n n n n n D I No l
8.2.4 Piezocone Magnetic Meter 8 n n n D D l n n l n l l I No n
8.2.5 Field Bioassessment 8 n n n D D NA D n n D l D II No D
8.2.6 Toxicity Tests 8 n n n D D NA l n n D n l II No n
9 EXPLOSIVES
9.1 EX-SITU ANALYSIS
9.1.1 Gas chromatography (GC) plus detector 10 E E l n n l l l l l l n II No D
9.1.2 Mass Spectrometry 10 E E l l D l n l l l l l II No D
9.1.3 GC / MS 10 E E n n n l l l l l l n II No D
9.1.4 Ion Mobility Spectrometer 10 E E n n D n l n D D D n I No D
9.1.5 Field Bioassessment 10 n n n D D NA D n n D l D II No D
9.1.6 Toxicity Tests 10 n n n D D NA n n n n n l II No n
9.1.7 Chemical Colorimetric Kits 10 E n NA l l l n n l l n l III No n
9.1.8 Immunoassay Colorimetric Kits 10 E n NA l l l n n l l n l III No n

Legend

Media and/or Applicable To n Better l Adequate D Serviceable
NA Not applicable E Requires selection of extraction procedure
Selectivity n Measures the specific contaminant directly l Measures the contaminant indirectly D Measures a part of the compound
Susceptibility to Interference n Low l Medium D High
Detection Limits n Low: 100-1000 ppb (soil); 1-50 ppb (water) l Midrange: 10-100ppm (soil); 0.5-10ppm (water) D High: 500+ ppm (soil); 100+ ppm (water)
NA Not Applicable
Turn Around Time per Sample n Minutes l Hours D More than a day
Quantitative Data Capability n Produces Quantitative Data l Data is quantitative with additional effort D Does not produce Quantitative data
Technology Status III
II
I		 Commercially available and routinely used field technology
Commercially available technology with moderate field experience
Commercially available technology with limited field experience
Certification / validation Yes
No		 Technology has participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
Technology has not participated in CalEPA certification and/or CSCT verification program
Relative Cost per Analysis n Least expensive l Mid-range expensive D Most expensive

Analytes

1- Non-halogenated volatile organics 5- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 9- Other inorganics (asbestos, cyanide, fluorine)
2- Non-halogenated semivolatile organics 6- Pesticides / Herbicides 10- Explosives
3- Halogenated volatile organics 7- Metals 11- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
4- Halogenated semivolatile organics 8- Radionuclides 12- Specific analyte (named in matrix)
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